Primordial Drivers of Diabetes Heart Disease: Comprehensive Insights into Insulin Resistance

Fan, Yajie; Yan, Zhipeng; Li, Tingting; Li, Aolin; Fan, Xinbiao; Qi, Zhongwen; Zhang, Junping

doi:10.4093/dmj.2023.0110

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Insulin resistance (IR) is a common feature observed in individuals with metabolic syndrome and T2DM. It is considered a key indicator of diabetes-related heart disease (DHD) ( 5 ), which encompasses coronary artery disease, autonomic heart disease, and diabetes cardiomyopathy (DCM) ( 6 ). DCM increases mortality in diabetes patients ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between METS-IR and heart failure: a cross-sectional study

Su,

Zhao,

Zhang

2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundPrior research has indicated the importance of insulin resistance in the development of heart failure (HF). The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a novel measure for assessing insulin resistance, has been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, the relationship between METS-IR and heart failure remains uncertain.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable logistic regression analysis and smoothing curve fitting were performed to explore the relationship between METS-IR and the risk of heart failure. Subgroup analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were also conducted.ResultsA total of 14772 patients were included, of whom 485 (3.28%) had heart failure. We observed a significant positive association between METS-IR and the risk of heart failure in a fully adjusted model (per 1-unit increment in METS-IR: OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.38, 4.32). Subgroup analysis and interaction tests revealed no significant influence on this relationship. A saturation effect and nonlinear relationship between METS-IR and heart failure risk were found using a smoothing curve fitting analysis. The relationship was represented by a J-shaped curve with an inflection point at 40.966.ConclusionsThe results of our study indicated a J-shaped association between METS-IR and HF in adults in the United States. METS-IR may be a promising novel index for predicting the risk of heart failure. More longitudinal studies are needed to further verify causal relationships and validate the results in different classifications of heart failure populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several research studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance (IR) can affect blood circulation and the myocardium, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and ventricular remodeling. These effects contribute to the development of DHD and may ultimately lead to cardiac diastolic dysfunction and progression to HF ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between METS-IR and heart failure: a cross-sectional study

Su,

Zhao,

Zhang

2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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The web of intrigue: unraveling the role of NETosis within the gut-microbiome-immune-heart axis in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure

Yasuda,

Deans,

Shankar

et al. 2024

Cardiovascular Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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This review summarizes the role of NETosis, or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and its interplay with the gut microbiome in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure. NETosis contributes to inflammation, thrombosis, and atherothrombosis, all central to the pathophysiology of AMI and heart failure. NETosis can be activated by inflammation and dietary factors, indicating association with metabolic conditions. In cases of heart failure, NETosis is regulated by inflammatory molecules such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) – a protein that plays a role in controlling inflammation, and angiotensin II. Changes in the gut microbiome are linked to the severity and recovery of cardiac injury post-AMI and heart failure progression. The microbiome’s influence extends to immune modulation and inflammatory responses, potentially affecting NETosis.

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Insulin–Heart Axis: Bridging Physiology to Insulin Resistance

Caturano,

Galiero,

Vetrano

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Insulin signaling is vital for regulating cellular metabolism, growth, and survival pathways, particularly in tissues such as adipose, skeletal muscle, liver, and brain. Its role in the heart, however, is less well-explored. The heart, requiring significant ATP to fuel its contractile machinery, relies on insulin signaling to manage myocardial substrate supply and directly affect cardiac muscle metabolism. This review investigates the insulin–heart axis, focusing on insulin’s multifaceted influence on cardiac function, from metabolic regulation to the development of physiological cardiac hypertrophy. A central theme of this review is the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and its profound implications for cardiac health. We discuss the intricate molecular mechanisms by which insulin signaling modulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes, emphasizing its pivotal role in maintaining cardiac energy homeostasis. Insulin resistance disrupts these processes, leading to significant cardiac metabolic disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, subcellular signaling abnormalities, and activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. These factors collectively contribute to the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is linked to hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and systolic heart failure, exacerbating the risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Understanding the insulin–heart axis is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular complications associated with insulin resistance and diabetes.

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Primordial Drivers of Diabetes Heart Disease: Comprehensive Insights into Insulin Resistance

Cited by 3 publications

References 144 publications

Association between METS-IR and heart failure: a cross-sectional study

Association between METS-IR and heart failure: a cross-sectional study

The web of intrigue: unraveling the role of NETosis within the gut-microbiome-immune-heart axis in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure

Insulin–Heart Axis: Bridging Physiology to Insulin Resistance

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