Primitive Genetic Polymers

Engelhart, Aaron E.; Hud, Nicholas V.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a002196

Cited by 91 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Consequently, many investigations have operated under the assumption that the selection of the native bases could have been made during the prebiotic epoch (Powner et al, 2009;Powner et al, 2010;Sutherland, 2010), pre-RNA ( Joyce, 2002;Bean et al, 2009;Engelhart and Hud, 2010), and/or the RNA world ( Joyce, 1989;Bean et al, 2007). However, with the emergence of DNA, another opportunity for base selection or refinement seems plausible.…”

Section: Prebiotic Chemistry and Alternative Basesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining the Genetic Alphabet: A Late-Period Selection Pressure?

Rios

Tor

2012

Astrobiology

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The transition from genomic ribonucleic acid (RNA) to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in primitive cells may have created a selection pressure that refined the genetic alphabet, resulting from the global weakening of the Nglycosyl bonds. Hydrolytic rupture of these bonds, termed deglycosylation, leaves an abasic site that is the single greatest threat to the stability and integrity of genomic DNA. The rates of deglycosylation are highly dependent on the identity of the nucleobases. Modifications made to the bases, such as deamination, oxidation, and alkylation, can further increase deglycosylation reaction rates, suggesting that the native bases provide optimum N-glycosyl bond stability. To protect their genomes, cells have evolved highly specific enzymes called glycosylases, associated with DNA repair, that detect and remove these damaged bases. In RNA, however, the occurrence of many of these modified bases is deliberate. The dichotomous behavior that cells exhibit toward base modifications may have originated in the RNA world. Modified bases would have been advantageous for the functional and structural repertoire of catalytic RNAs. Yet in an early DNA world, the utility of these heterocycles was greatly diminished, and their presence posed a distinct liability to the stability of cells' genomes. A natural selection for bases exhibiting the greatest resistance to deglycosylation would have ensured the viability of early DNA life, along with the recruitment of DNA repair.

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Section: Prebiotic Chemistry and Alternative Basesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining the Genetic Alphabet: A Late-Period Selection Pressure?

Rios

Tor

2012

Astrobiology

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“…After the formation of this RNA world hypothesis, the experimental data showed that pro-RNA and/or pro-peptide can be synthesized in environmental conditions of early earth [10][11][12]. Its synthetic processes are somewhat like PCR (polymerase chain reaction) of biochemical studies in current biotechnical utilities.…”

Section: Rna World Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a lot of experimental data can be used to support two possibilities of genetic material duplication [10][11][12]. For example, we simulate genetic information duplication processes in lab conditions ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Rna World Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Origin on Earth, Insights among Different Arguments

Lu¹,

Tr²,

Wu³

2017

Mol Biol (Los Angel)

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Section: Rna World Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rna World Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Origin on Earth, What is the Right Answer?

Lu¹

2017

IJMBOA

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Why and how living forms, such as human beings, have been originated from a barely life planet into the multiple and highly-intelligent living existence on Earth have been fascinated by large population of readers and scientific investigators. Apart from derivative arguments from Darwin's theory, some detailed evolutionary hypotheses and steps have been stated and discussed-including the evolutionary step of genetic information duplication (prebiotic broth), outsider living-form landing, volcanic eruption in deeper sea and cooperative biological hypothesis. In this perspective article, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these life-origin hypotheses and crucial steps in evolution progression of life creation on Earth. The major objective of this article is to elucidate the different characters of many existing hypotheses.

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Primitive Genetic Polymers

Cited by 91 publications

References 147 publications

Refining the Genetic Alphabet: A Late-Period Selection Pressure?

Refining the Genetic Alphabet: A Late-Period Selection Pressure?

Life Origin on Earth, Insights among Different Arguments

Life Origin on Earth, What is the Right Answer?

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