Primitive Earth Synthesis of Nicotinic Acid Derivatives

Friedmann, Nadav; Miller, Stanley L.; Sanchez, Robert A.

doi:10.1126/science.171.3975.1026

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The nicotinamide of NAD is easily reached by several synthetic routes beginning with plausibly prebiotic chemicals, like ethylene and ammonia (Friedmann et al 1971) or aspartate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Cleaves and Miller 2001). NAD or a congener may have plausibly been one of the earliest cofactors to enter the biochemical inventory.…”

Section: Pre-rna World Credentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting Past the RNA World: The Initial Darwinian Ancestor

Yarus¹

2010

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

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SUMMARYA little-noted result of the confirmation of multiple premises of the RNA-world hypothesis is that we now know something about the dawn organisms that followed the origin of life, perhaps over 4 billion years ago. We are therefore in an improved position to reason about the biota just before RNA times, during the era of the first replicators, the first Darwinian creatures on Earth. An RNA congener still prominent in modern biology is a plausible descendent of these first replicators.

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Section: Pre-rna World Credentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting Past the RNA World: The Initial Darwinian Ancestor

Yarus¹

2010

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

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“…For instance, in the 1970s vitamin B 3 (Fig. ) was the first discovered to be synthesized under early Earth conditions with electric discharges applied to ethylene and ammonia (Dowler, Fuller, Orgel, & Sanchez, ; Friedmann, Miller, & Sanchez, ). As a precursor to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH), B 3 ′s prebiotic synthesis indicates that its associated redox couples were likely available on early Earth.…”

Section: Were B Vitamins Present Before the Onset Of Life?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life's utilization of B vitamins on early Earth

et al. 2016

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Coenzymes are essential across all domains of life. B vitamins (B1‐thiamin, B2‐riboflavin, B3‐niacin, B5‐pantothenate, B6‐pyridoxine, B7‐biotin, and B12‐cobalamin) represent the largest class of coenzymes, which participate in a diverse set of reactions including C1‐rearrangements, DNA repair, electron transfer, and fatty acid synthesis. B vitamin structures range from simple to complex heterocycles, yet, despite this complexity, multiple lines of evidence exist for their ancient origins including abiotic synthesis under putative early Earth conditions and/or meteorite transport. Thus, some of these critical coenzymes likely preceded life on Earth. Some modern organisms can synthesize their own B vitamins de novo while others must either scavenge them from the environment or establish a symbiotic relationship with a B vitamin producer. B vitamin requirements are widespread in some of the most ancient metabolisms including all six carbon fixation pathways, sulfate reduction, sulfur disproportionation, methanogenesis, acetogenesis, and photosynthesis. Understanding modern metabolic B vitamin requirements is critical for understanding the evolutionary conditions of ancient metabolisms as well as the biogeochemical cycling of critical elements such as S, C, and O.

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“…Examples are nicotinamide adenine dincleotide (NAD) that can undergo phosphorylation (NADP), riboflavines and FAD (flavine adenine dinucleotide) and FMN (flavine mononucleotide). Prebiotic synthesis of nicotinic acid derivatives were obtained from ethylene and ammonia by Friedmann et al in 1971 [20]. Flavine is a tri-cyclic heterocycle, based on a pteridine nucleus.…”

Section: The First Experimental Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition nicotinamide that is the chemical moiety of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has been synthesized in prebiotic conditions from ethylene and ammonia in the 1970's [20]. In the same line, present-day coenzymes, indispensable cofactors of many proteins would represent vestiges of catalysts of primitive metabolism and it is well accepted that ribonucleotides might be the remains of ancient RNAs [43,48,49].…”

Section: Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fromneontstofiliontsand their progenies...

Maurel

2015

BIO Web of Conferences

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"Should the question of the priority of the egg over the chicken, or of the chicken over the egg disturb you, it is because you assume that animals were originally what they are to-day; what madness!" The dream of d'Alembert, 1760, Denis DiderotAbstract. Since the origins, different modes of life exist. Indeed it is difficult to imagine how things could have been constructed by a single event that would have marked the birth of life. A brief historical background of the subject will be presented here. Then, we shall wander through the history of the discoveries that have led the way of experimental science over the last 150 years and shall dwell on one of the major paradigms, that of the RNA World. This paradigm illustrates the path followed by the living that tries all possible means when expressed at the molecular level as simple free molecule leading to RNA fragments and to modern subviral particles such as viroids then to ramifications and compartments. Between the ancient and the modern RNA world we underline how environment talks to molecules leading to the global living tissus which establish the ground of biodiversity.

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Primitive Earth Synthesis of Nicotinic Acid Derivatives

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Getting Past the RNA World: The Initial Darwinian Ancestor

Getting Past the RNA World: The Initial Darwinian Ancestor

Life's utilization of B vitamins on early Earth

Fromneontstofiliontsand their progenies...

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