Primipaternity and duration of exposure to sperm antigens as risk factors for pre‐eclampsia

Verwoerd, Gideon; Hall, David; Grové, D.; Maritz, J. S.; Odendaal, Hein J.

doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(02)00130-3

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The hypothesis is that the risk of preeclampsia is reduced with repeated maternal exposure and adaptation to specific foreign antigens of the partner. The duration of sexual cohabitation (<6 months) or primipaternity has been shown to be associated with preeclampsia [153,154]. According to this hypothesis, a new partner presents new antigens, which results in a risk of preeclampsia that is similar to the risk during the first pregnancy.…”

Section: Paternitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical risk factors for preeclampsia

Gaugler-Senden

Roes

Groot

et al. 2005

Eur Clinics Obstet Gynecol

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Preeclampsia, diagnosed by increased blood pressure and de novo proteinuria, is a pregnancy-specific disease associated with a high incidence of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Identification of women at risk for this potential life threatening disease might enable the clinician to identify and counsel patients adequately. A major concern in the identification of clinical risk factors for the development of preeclampsia is confusion over the clinical classification of this syndrome which has resulted from using different definitions. For this in-depth review and meta-analysis only well defined reports were selected. Maternal constitutional and environmental factors as well as pregnancy-specific changes as risk factors for the development of preeclampsia were studied. This review describes both dependent and the following independent risk factors for the development of preeclampsia: chronic hypertension, renal disease, diabetes, nulliparity, and long pregnancy interval.

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Section: Paternitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical risk factors for preeclampsia

Gaugler-Senden

Roes

Groot

et al. 2005

Eur Clinics Obstet Gynecol

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“…In support of this theory, several studies have implicated risk factors for preeclampsia that are consistent with an immunologic response to the embryo/fetus influenced by maternal exposure to a novel set of paternal antigens and/or reduced length of time for development of maternal tolerance to those paternal antigens prior to the affected pregnancy. These factors include younger maternal age, primigravidity or primiparity, shorter length of sexual cohabitation with the father involved in the affected pregnancy, use of barrier methods of contraception prior to the affected pregnancy, artificial insemination with donor sperm, lack of oral sex, and change in paternity (new partner with the affected pregnancy in a multigravid woman) between the most recent previous pregnancy and the pregnancy affected with preeclampsia [Trupin et al, 1996; Dekker et al, 1998; Robillard et al, 1999; Tubbergen et al, 1999; Koelman et al, 2000; Li and Wi, 2000; Verwoerd et al, 2002; Saftlas et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel risk factor in gastroschisis: Change of paternity

Chambers

Chen

Kalla

et al. 2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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In recent years, an increase in the rate of gastroschisis has been documented in several countries throughout the world. Based on accumulating evidence that a maternal immunologic response to a novel set of paternal antigens may be involved in risk for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, reduced birth weight, and preterm delivery, we tested the hypothesis that a pregnancy following a change in fathers (change in paternity) may be a risk factor for gastroschisis. Using a case-control design, we compared the prevalence of change in paternity with the index pregnancy in 102 mothers of isolated gastroschisis cases to the prevalence of change in paternity in 117 mothers of non-malformed infants and 78 mothers of infants with neural tube defects or oral clefts. In a multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds of change in paternity in multigravid case mothers were 7.81 times higher (95% Confidence interval 2.80-21.88) relative to multigravid mothers of malformed and non-malformed controls combined, after adjustment for maternal age. These data suggest that maternal immune factors may play a role in the cause of gastroschisis. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings and to elucidate possible immunologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of gastroschisis.

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“…Controversy has also been raised over the relative contribution to pre-eclampsia of the maternal and fetal components of the placenta, especially the role of the maternal immune system in the disease [64]. This is especially pertinent given the apparent association of disease risk with maternal exposure to partner-specific paternal alloantigens, with nulliparous women more than twice as likely to develop pre-eclampsia as multiparous women [65], and the risk of pre-eclampsia and/or pregnancy-induced hypertension inversely correlated with the duration of sexual cohabitation prior to conception [66][67][68][69] presumably as a result of tolerance arising from maternal exposure to paternal seminal antigens [70][71][72]. Mapping of the 199 genes bearing positively selected amino acid substitutions of large phenotypic effect to tissue-specific expression data [73] using Enrichr [32] indicates weak enrichment of proteins localized to CD14 þ Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%