Priming within and across Modalities: Exploring the Nature of rCBF Increases and Decreases

Badgaiyan, Rajendra D.; Schacter, Daniel L.; Alpert, Nathaniel M.

doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0693

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Because right prefrontal activation has been observed in a variety of explicit memory tasks (Buckner & Koutstaal, 1998), these findings raised the possibility that the right frontal activation seen in the cross-modal priming condition might also reflect an aspect of explicit retrieval. To examine this possibility, Badgaiyan et al (2001) examined cross-modal priming under conditionsof divided attention at encoding. They chose to manipulate attention at study because stem completion studies using the process dissociation procedure found that dividing attention reduced the probability of recollection but had no effect on automatic influences of memory Jacoby et al, 1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They chose to manipulate attention at study because stem completion studies using the process dissociation procedure found that dividing attention reduced the probability of recollection but had no effect on automatic influences of memory Jacoby et al, 1993). Thus, Badgaiyan et al (2001) reasoned that if dividing attention abolished the right frontal activation seen in cross-modal priming, this would provide support for the notion that this activation was associated with explicit retrieval. This was indeed the result they obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of explicit memory processes in cross-modal priming: An investigation of stem completion priming in amnesia

Verfaellie

Keane

Cook

2001

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of explicit memory processes in cross-modal priming: An investigation of stem completion priming in amnesia

Verfaellie

Keane

Cook

2001

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Neuroimaging and neuropsychological research provide conflicting evidence on the separability of the neural substrates of visual and auditory priming. Some studies indicate common brain areas (e.g., Badgaiyan, Schacter, & Alpert, 2001;Swick et al, 2004) and other research implicates separate brain regions for visual and auditory priming (e.g., Bergerbest et al, 2004;Carlesimo et al, 2004;Samuelson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of divided attention on auditory priming

2007

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The concept of attention plays a central role in theories of memory, a view supported by a long history of findings that attentional state during encoding affects later memory performance (e.g., Broadbent, 1958;Cowan, 1995;Norman, 1969). Traditional research on this topic has focused on explicit memory. More recently, researchers have addressed the relationship between attention and implicit memory, spurred by the well-documented dissociations between implicit and explicit memory (Mulligan, 2003b;Roediger & McDermott, 1993), as well as the possibility that attention during encoding may not be as crucial to implicit memory as it is to explicit memory.Several initial studies of attention and implicit memory reported the rather startling result that dividing attention reduced explicit test performance but left implicit tests unaffected (e.g., Bentin, Kutas, & Hillyard, 1995;Mulligan & Hartman, 1996;Parkin, Reid, & Russo, 1990;Russo & Parkin, 1993; SchmitterEdgecombe, 1996). Other early studies demonstrated that retention of very poorly attended stimuli is more likely to be detected with implicit than explicit memory tests (e.g., Bornstein, Leone, & Galley, 1987;Eich, 1984;Jelicic, Bonke, Wolters, & Phaf, 1992;Mandler, Nakamura, & Van Zandt, 1987;Merikle & Reingold, 1991; cf. Berry, Shanks, & Henson, 2006). Such findings imply that attention plays a larger role in encoding for explicit than implicit memory. Other researchers have gone farther in interpreting these results, proposing that implicit memory is chiefly the result of automatic encoding processes (the automaticity hypothesis, e.g., Aloisi, McKone, & Heubeck, 2004;Bentin et al., 1995;Shallice et al., 1994;Szymanski & MacLeod, 1996;Wolters & Prinsen, 1997). Much subsequent research on this topic took place under the rubric of the transfer-appropriateprocessing (TAP) view of implicit and explicit memory (e.g., Roediger, 1990;Roediger & McDermott, 1993), which provides a more differentiated view based on the distinction between conceptual and perceptual priming. This view suggests that implicit tests drawing heavily on conceptual processes should depend heavily on attention during encoding. However, perceptual priming tasks, sensitive to relatively automatic perceptual encoding processes (Roediger, 1990), should be little affected by manipulations of attention (see Mulligan & Hartman, 1996, for a more detailed development of the TAP predictions). With respect to conceptual implicit memory, these expectations are largely borne out: divided attention typically reduces conceptual priming (see Mulligan & Brown, 2003, for a review).Studies of perceptual implicit tests, however, have produced mixed results. As noted above, some of the initial studies on this topic found no effect of divided attention on perceptual priming despite robust effects on explicit memory (e.g., Mulligan & Hartman, 1996;Russo & Parkin, 1993). For example, in Mulligan and Hartman (1996), study words were presented visually under one of two conditions. In the full attention (FA) condition, th...

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“…Previous neuroimaging studies of spoken word priming using stem completion or word generation have found reduced activity for repeated word presentations in left inferior frontal regions and inferior temporal regions (Buckner, Koutstaal, Schacter, & Rosen, 2000). However, repetition-related reductions have not been observed in auditory regions for word stimuli (Badgaiyan, Schacter, & Alpert, 2001;Wagner, Koutsaal, Maril, Schacter, & Buckner, 2000; although see Bergerbest, Ghahremani, & Gabrieli, 2004, for a study using environmental sounds). Priming effects observed for these ''generation'' tasks (such as stem completion) may not be comparable to the perceptual tasks commonly used in behavioral studies of spoken word recognition and in comparable fMRI studies of face perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Neural Response Suppression Predicts Repetition Priming of Spoken Words and Pseudowords

Orfanidou

Marslen–Wilson²,

Davis³

2006

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract& An important method for studying how the brain processes familiar stimuli is to present the same item on more than one occasion and measure how responses change with repetition. Here we use repetition priming in a sparse functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to probe the neuroanatomical basis of spoken word recognition and the representations of spoken words that mediate repetition priming effects. Participants made lexical decisions to words and pseudowords spoken by a male or female voice that were presented twice, with half of the repetitions in a different voice. Behavioral and neural priming was observed for both words and pseudowords and was not affected by voice changes. The fMRI data revealed an elevated response to words compared to pseudowords in both posterior and anterior temporal regions, suggesting that both contribute to word recognition. Both reduced and elevated activation for second presentations (repetition suppression and enhancement) were observed in frontal and posterior regions. Correlations between behavioral priming and neural repetition suppression were observed in frontal regions, suggesting that repetition priming effects for spoken words reflect changes within systems involved in generating behavioral responses. Based on the current results, these processes are sufficiently abstract to display priming despite changes in the physical form of the stimulus and operate equivalently for words and pseudowords. &

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Priming within and across Modalities: Exploring the Nature of rCBF Increases and Decreases

Cited by 67 publications

References 59 publications

The role of explicit memory processes in cross-modal priming: An investigation of stem completion priming in amnesia

The role of explicit memory processes in cross-modal priming: An investigation of stem completion priming in amnesia

The effects of divided attention on auditory priming

Neural Response Suppression Predicts Repetition Priming of Spoken Words and Pseudowords

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