Priming the mental time-line: effects of modality and processing mode

Rolke, Bettina; Fernández, Susana Ruiz; Schmid, Mareike; Walker, M.; Lachmair, Martin; López, Juan José Rahona; Hervás, Gonzalo; Vázquez, Carmelo

doi:10.1007/s10339-013-0537-5

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…In some of the temporal priming experiments, the priming is more subliminal and can nevertheless positively be said to trigger an automatic activation of the mental timeline. In experiment 1 of Rolke et al (2013), for example, a considerable effect size emerged (d = 0.46), even though temporal complexity was very low since single words were used as temporal primes. Here, the need for distinguishing temporal priming studies from studies in which the temporal dimension is task irrelevant becomes apparent: While the priming studies reveal a pronounced space-time congruency effect (adjusted mean effect size: d = 0.36), the time is task irrelevant studies do not (adjusted mean effect size: d = 0.05), although both are based on automatic activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Detecting a space–time congruency effect under these circumstances certainly is more likely compared to sensicality judgments where temporal information is irrelevant for performing the task. At least 3 out of the 11 effect sizes of temporal priming arise in settings in which the temporal reference of the primes is of essential relevance for the execution of the task (see also Rolke et al., , experiment 4). This could explain why the mean effect size of temporal priming is as large compared to the other two levels of Task .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporated are studies that use the following temporal cues as stimulus, prime, or response, presented either visually or auditorily: 1. Past-or future-related words or phrases (Aguirre & Santiago, 2017;Bottini, Crepaldi, Casasanto, Crollen, & Collignon, 2015;Casasanto & Bottini, 2014;De la Vega, Eikmeier, Ulrich, & Kaup, 2016;Ding, Feng, Cheng, Liu, & Fan, 2015;Eikmeier, Alex-Ruf, Maienborn, & Ulrich, 2015, experiment 2;Eikmeier, Hoppe, & Ulrich, 2015;Eikmeier, Schr€ oter, Maienborn, Alex-Ruf, & Ulrich, 2013, experiment 2;Hartmann & Mast, 2012;Kong & You, 2012;Ouellet, Rom an, & Santiago, 2012;Ouellet, Santiago, Funes, & Lupi añez, 2010;Ouellet, Santiago, Israeli, et al, 2010;Rolke et al, 2013;Rolke, Ruiz Fern andez, Seibold, & Rahona, 2014;Santiago, Lupi añez, P erez, & Funes, 2007;Torralbo et al, 2006;Weger & Pratt, 2008, experiment 2);…”

Section: Temporal Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Space–Time Congruency Effect: A Meta‐Analysis

et al. 2019

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Several reaction time (RT) studies report faster responses when responses to temporal information are arranged in a spatially congruent manner than when this arrangement is incongruent. The resulting space–time congruency effect is commonly attributed to a culturally salient localization of temporal information along a mental timeline (e.g., a mental timeline that runs from left to right). The present study aims to provide a compilation of the published RT studies on this time–space association in order to estimate the size of its effect and the extent of potential publication bias in this field of research. In this meta‐analysis, three types of task are distinguished due to hitherto existing empirical findings. These findings suggest that the extent to which time is made relevant to the experimental task has a systematic impact on whether or not the mental timeline is activated. The results of this meta‐analysis corroborate these considerations: First, experiments that make time a task‐relevant dimension have a mean effect size of d = 0.46. Second, in experiments in which time is task irrelevant, the effect size does not significantly deviate from zero. Third, temporal priming studies have a surprisingly high mean effect size of d = 0.47, which, however, should be adjusted to d = 0.36 due to publication bias.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Space–Time Congruency Effect: A Meta‐Analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Working with predominantly European, English speaking subjects the design presented time running on a two-dimensional x-axis from left to right. (Rolke et al 2013, Fuhrman et al 2011) The user's perception of now being centred within the view with the past and performed events being to the left and future events goals and un-completed tasks to the right. Using time-line metaphors and map-style interactions allowed us to move away way from some of the restrictions of more traditional grid based, calendar style visualisation.…”

Section: Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

JourneyMap: Visualising the time-bound student journey

Buzzo

Phelps

2016

Electronic Workshops in Computing

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A student's view of higher education is often talked about as 'transformative' and as a 'journey' or 'pathway'. The student experience of university is time-bound, covering a clearly specified duration. From a learner's perspective the Higher Education (HE) journey begins at induction and ends at graduation. Through discrete and highly personal steps students move from one state, fresher, to another, graduate. This personal journey is explicitly linear, rather than the cyclic, annualised, time-perspective of the university. The paper investigates how to visualise, in a temporal sense, this transformative journey. Incorporating necessary time bound events that appear in a students academic calendar and time table but in a student centric way that illustrates directly the journey the student takes and reinforces the time-bound, delineated nature of the student's HE experience. We document the results from development and present recommendations for future work. Time. Temporality. Interaction design. Experience. Research through design. Visualisation.

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“…Additionally, since some research suggest that the number-space interaction exists verbal spatial coding and visuospatial coding, our results can imply that the cognition of time and number do exist differences. (Bono, Grazia, Casarotti, Priftis, Gava, Umiltà, & Zorzi, 2012;Bonato, Zorzi, & Umilta, 2012;Rolke, Fernandez, Schmid, Walker, Lachmair, Lopez et al, 2013;Ulrich, & Maienborn, 2010 (Gevers, Verguts, Reynvoet, Caessens, & Fias, 2006;Santens, & Gevers, 2008 (Walsh, 2003;Bueti & Walsh, 2009;Feigenson, 2007)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Type of Response Codes on Time-Space Association: Visuospatial Coding Not Verbal-Spatial Coding

章¹

2015

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It has been well known that a tight association exists between time and space. The Spatial-Temporal association of response codes (STEARC) effect, which reports the observation that individual respond is faster with left-hand side to short duration or past information and with right-hand side to long duration or future information, is regarded as strong evidence for this association. But, the explanation of the STEARC effect is on debates, that is visuospatial coding or verbal-spatial coding. With respect to visuospatial coding, the STEARC effect can result from a correspondence between the position of the effector and the position of the temporal information in the mental time line. With respect to verbal-spatial coding, the STEARC effect results from a correspondence between the polarity of the verbally coding temporal information and the polarity of response as left and right. These two accounts were supported by the mental time line hypothesis and polarity correspondence hypothesis respectively. In order to resolve this debate, this study employed binary classification task and manipulated the form of the response to explore the type of response code on time-space association. Subjects judged whether a cross lasted for a short (1 s) or long (2 s) duration. The reaction times (RTs) of correct reaction were served as measurement index. In experiment 1, subjects judged the duration of a cross by pressing the left key "C" and right key "M" of the computer keyboard. A STEARC effect indicated by the significant interaction between time and response as usual was found. It suggests that adopting short duration to explore the STEARC effect is efficient in contest of Chinese. In the experiment 2, Given that visuospatial coding did not exist in the verbal condition, these results suggested that the verbal-spatial coding is not sufficient to obtain a regular STEARC effect. In the experiment 3, we used a manipulation to prevent verbalspatial coding of the response and only exist visuospatial coding. The results showed that a regular STEARC effect is still obtained; this proved that visuospatial coding is sufficient to obtain an association of time and space. These results suggest that cognitive representation of elapsing time is likely to be visuospatial in nature. The findings support the hypothesis that the representation of time is spatially organized, with short durations represented on the left space and longer ones

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Priming the mental time-line: effects of modality and processing mode

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

The Space–Time Congruency Effect: A Meta‐Analysis

The Space–Time Congruency Effect: A Meta‐Analysis

JourneyMap: Visualising the time-bound student journey

The Type of Response Codes on Time-Space Association: Visuospatial Coding Not Verbal-Spatial Coding

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