Priming of the autonomic nervous system after an experimental human pain model
Paulina Simonne Scheuren,
Sofia Bösch,
Jan Rosner
et al.
Abstract:Modulated autonomic responses to noxious stimulation have been reported in experimental and clinical pain. These effects are likely mediated by nociceptive sensitization, but may also, more simply reflect increased stimulus-associated arousal. To disentangle between sensitization- and arousal-mediated effects on autonomic responses to noxious input, we recorded sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) in response to 10 pinprick and heat stimuli before (PRE) and after (POST) an experimental heat pain model to induce s… Show more
Electrodermal activity (EDA) measures skin conductivity, reflecting sweat gland activity, and is considered a noninvasive measure of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Consequently, EDA has emerged as an informative physiomarker in clinical and nonclinical applications in assessing dynamics of SNS functions. With recent proliferation of the abuse of pain medications, there is a pressing need for objective pain assessment given that a self-pain rating is the only metric doctors use for prescribing medications. To overcome this limitation, there has been increased attention on the use of EDA due to close association between pain and the SNS. With advancements in wearable sensors combined with signal processing and machine learning, it has become more feasible to objectively assess pain using EDA. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research related to the use of EDA for objective pain assessment and its clinical applications. Furthermore, this paper discusses the use of recent new developments in signal processing and machine learning techniques, and examines current challenges and future directions that can enable better quantitative assessment of pain using EDA.
Electrodermal activity (EDA) measures skin conductivity, reflecting sweat gland activity, and is considered a noninvasive measure of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Consequently, EDA has emerged as an informative physiomarker in clinical and nonclinical applications in assessing dynamics of SNS functions. With recent proliferation of the abuse of pain medications, there is a pressing need for objective pain assessment given that a self-pain rating is the only metric doctors use for prescribing medications. To overcome this limitation, there has been increased attention on the use of EDA due to close association between pain and the SNS. With advancements in wearable sensors combined with signal processing and machine learning, it has become more feasible to objectively assess pain using EDA. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research related to the use of EDA for objective pain assessment and its clinical applications. Furthermore, this paper discusses the use of recent new developments in signal processing and machine learning techniques, and examines current challenges and future directions that can enable better quantitative assessment of pain using EDA.
Objective
This study explored the impact of one session of low-pressure leg blood flow restriction (BFR) during treadmill walking on dual-task performance in older adults using the neurovisceral integration model framework.
Methods
Twenty-seven older adults participated in 20-min treadmill sessions, either with BFR (100 mmHg cuff pressure on both thighs) or without it (NBFR). Dual-task performance, measured through light-pod tapping while standing on foam, and heart rate variability during treadmill walking were compared.
Results
Following BFR treadmill walking, the reaction time (p = 0.002) and sway area (p = 0.012) of the posture dual-task were significantly reduced. Participants exhibited a lower mean heart rate (p < 0.001) and higher heart rate variability (p = 0.038) during BFR treadmill walking. Notably, BFR also led to band-specific reductions in regional brain activities (theta, alpha, and beta bands, p < 0.05). The topology of the EEG network in the theta and alpha bands became more star-like in the post-test after BFR treadmill walking (p < 0.005).
Conclusion
BFR treadmill walking improves dual-task performance in older adults via vagally-mediated network integration with superior neural economy. This approach has the potential to prevent age-related falls by promoting cognitive reserves.
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