Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System

Appenzeller, Otto

doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)60037-x

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the control group experienced increased sAA levels, although there was no significant differences following the community garden activities. Yamaguchi et al found that sAA increased with increasing levels of mental and physical fatigue [53], due to mental and physical stimuli activating the sympathetic nervous system [63][64][65].…”

Section: Psychological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Gardens as Health Promoters: Effects on Mental and Physical Stress Levels in Adults with and without Mental Disabilities

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The study focuses on psychological and physical effects of stress while performing community garden activities of various intensity levels. The aim of this study was to determine the psychological and physical effects in adults with (case group) and without (control group) mental disabilities. Salivary α-amylase (sAA) levels and the stress response scale (SRS-18) were used for the psychological analysis (n = 42). For physical assessment (n = 13), electrocardiogram (ECG), surface electromyogram (sEMG), and respiration rate were continuously measured while performing the activities using a multichannel telemetry system. The results showed that following the activities, the case group exhibited decreasing sAA levels while control group exhibited increasing sAA levels. However, both groups exhibited lower SRS-18 results following the activities. Compared with the control group, the case group had a significantly lower increase in the ratio of the heart rate (IRHR) (5.5%) during low-intensity work (filling pots with soil), but a significantly higher IRHR (16.7%) during high-intensity work (turning over soil). The case group experienced significantly higher levels of fatigue during high-intensity work (digging) than during the rest condition. These findings indicate that appropriate workload allocation, according to health, is necessary in the community garden setting because reducing the intensity of work assignments for people with mental disabilities will reduce their physical stress.

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Section: Psychological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Gardens as Health Promoters: Effects on Mental and Physical Stress Levels in Adults with and without Mental Disabilities

et al. 2017

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“…For a detailed description of other autonomic tests that are used in the adult population, such as metronomic breathing (which challenges parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation) and the Valsalva maneuver (which tests baroreflex buffer capacity and reflex bradycardia), the reader is referred to standard textbooks. [2][3][4] However, many of these tests cannot be administered to the pediatric patient, for whom we desire noninvasive quantitative tests that require minimal participation and cooperation. Although gene identification holds the promise of eventually yielding more specific treatments for some of the autonomic disorders, at present most treatments are supportive.…”

Section: Evaluation and Therapeutic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Autonomic Disorders

2006

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The scope of pediatric autonomic disorders is not well recognized. The goal of this review is to increase awareness of the expanding spectrum of pediatric autonomic disorders by providing an overview of the autonomic nervous system, including the roles of its various components and its pervasive influence, as well as its intimate relationship with sensory function. To illustrate further the breadth and complexities of autonomic dysfunction, some pediatric disorders are described, concentrating on those that present at birth or appear in early childhood.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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“…A multitude of hormonal changes (19), changes in energy balance (20) and changes in autonomic regulation take place (21). In elderly humans, sleep is typically disrupted, resulting in unwanted awakenings during the night time, excessive daytime sleepiness and increased napping (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orexin A and B levels in the hypothalamus of female rats: the effects of the estrous cycle and age

Porkka‐Heiskanen

Kalinchuk²,

Alanko³

et al. 2004

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Orexins have been implicated in the regulation of several physiological functions including reproduction, energy balance and vigilance state. For successful reproduction, the precisely timed hormonal secretions of the estrous cycle must be combined with appropriate nutritional and vigilance states. The steroid-and nutritional state-dependent modulation of LH release by orexins, as well as an increase of vigilance, suggest that orexins may co-ordinate these functions in the course of the estrous cycle. Design: We studied the brain tissue levels of orexins in the course of the estrous cycle in young and middle-aged rats. Young cycling rats (3 months old) and irregularly/non-cycling (7 -9 months old) female rats were inspected for vaginal smears and serum hormone levels. Methods: Tissue concentrations of orexin A and B were measured in the hypothalamus and lateral hypothalamus on different days of the estrous cycle. Results: Orexin A concentration in the hypothalamus of young cycling rats was higher on the day of proestrus 5-6 h after the lights were switched on than on the other days of the estrous cycle at the same circadian time. Orexin B concentration was higher on both the day of proestrus and the day of estrus as compared with the days of diestrus. The hypothalamic concentrations of both orexin A and B in the non-cycling middle-aged rats were lower than those in cycling rats on the days of proestrus and estrus. Conclusions: We have concluded that the high hypothalamic concentration of orexins on the day of proestrus may contribute to the LH and prolactin surges. High orexin A levels may also contribute to the decreased amount of sleep on the day of proestrus.European Journal of Endocrinology 150 737-742

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Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Community Gardens as Health Promoters: Effects on Mental and Physical Stress Levels in Adults with and without Mental Disabilities

Community Gardens as Health Promoters: Effects on Mental and Physical Stress Levels in Adults with and without Mental Disabilities

Pediatric Autonomic Disorders

Orexin A and B levels in the hypothalamus of female rats: the effects of the estrous cycle and age

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