Prime Editing, a Novel Genome-Editing Tool That May Surpass Conventional CRISPR-Cas9

Ochoa-SanchezAdriana,; Perez-SanchezGabriela,; Marianna, Torres-LedesmaA.; Pablo, R ValdezJuan; RinaldiGabriel,; MoguelBárbara, B; Molina-Aguilar, Christian

doi:10.1089/regen.2021.0016

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Prime Editing may also introduce undesirable mutations and there are limitations in terms of large DNA insertions. Hence further studies are required to establish the efficiency of the Prime Editing tool as a promising tool for cancer therapeutics with minimized drawbacks [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prime Editing is capable of overcoming major drawbacks of chemotherapeutic and radiation-based strategies. Prime Editing uses a site-specific mutagenesis approach and presents high efficiency and precision in terms of genome editing [ 1 ]. Anzalone et al demonstrated Prime editing as one of the most promising tools for genome editing.…”

Section: Role Of Prime Editing In Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prime Editing is a novel technology that relies on the use of a precise and efficient technique of genome editing [ 1 ]. The tool utilises the property of specificity that is derived from the conventional CRISPR Cas9 yet there is an additional component like the guide RNA, an edit template that is to be incorporated into the target site of the DNA along with a reverse transcriptase enzyme [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prime Editing: An Emerging Tool in Cancer Treatment

2022

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Prime Editing is a CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) based genome editing technique having promising potential in terms of reducing off target activity. It introduces fragments of DNA sequences into the target site using a guide RNA (gRNA) molecule, composed of both the sequence that is to be inserted into the target site along with an inactive Cas9 nickase and a reverse transcriptase. Prime Editing can cause insertions, deletions, and various point mutations for reverting the phenetic characteristics of a disease specially tested in human adult stem cells and cancer cell lines. The main aim of our review is to explore how Prime Editing and its various forms are being utilized as an emerging tool to cure deleterious diseases like cancer, also as a delivery strategy of the tool into cells. There are almost five generations of Prime Editors (PE) with increasing levels of efficiency from one level to another that have huge clinical potential in correcting mutations; however, the necessity for a pegRNA design is extremely significant. But besides having such advantages, the limitations of this technology particularly include generation of double nicks while optimizing the efficiency of PE3. So, it is important to consider all such consequences and customize PE as per requirements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Prime Editing In Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prime Editing: An Emerging Tool in Cancer Treatment

2022

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“…This review article describes the details of the prime editing tool, which has advantages over existing CRISPR/Cas systems. Although many excellent reviews are available highlighting the importance of this tool, [17][18][19][20] this is the first comprehensive review on this system utilized for the modifications of the genome in plants and mammalian cells. Next, we draw inroads and insights into the future application of the prime editing tool in these systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prime editing in plants and mammalian cells: Mechanism, achievements, limitations, and future prospects

Hillary

Ceasar

2022

BioEssays

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Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPRassociated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system has revolutionized genetic research in the life sciences. Four classes of CRISPR/Cas-derived genome editing agents, such as nuclease, base editor, recombinase, and prime editor have been introduced for engineering the genomes of diverse organisms. The recently introduced prime editing system offers precise editing without many off-target effects than traditional CRISPRbased systems. Many researchers have successfully applied this gene-editing toolbox in diverse systems for various genome-editing applications. This review presents the mechanism of prime editing and summarizes the details of the prime editing system applied in plants and mammalian cells for precise genome editing. We also discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential future applications of prime editing in these systems. This review enables the researcher to gain knowledge on prime editing tools and their potential applications in plants and mammalian cells.

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“…PE is an innovative site-specific gene editing technique that evolved as an advancement of the CRISPR-Cas and base editing techniques. The PE has higher specificity compared to the traditional genome editing techniques because it relies on the single-stranded DNA nick created by Cas-nuclease instead of double-strand breaks (Ochoa-Sanchez et al, 2021). PE can directly incorporate exogenous edits at the target site by using a PE gRNA (pegRNA), which not only consists of single-guide RNA (sgRNA) but also a mutant repair template with a priming site for reverse transcriptase (RT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prime editing: A potential treatment option for β‐thalassemia

Arif

Farooq

Ahmad

et al. 2022

Cell Biology International

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The potential to therapeutically alter the genome is one of the remarkable scientific developments in recent years. Genome editing technologies have provided an opportunity to precisely alter genomic sequence(s) in eukaryotic cells as a treatment option for various genetic disorders. These technologies allow the correction of harmful mutations in patients by precise nucleotide editing. Genome editing technologies such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) and base editors have greatly contributed to the practical applications of gene editing. However, these technologies have certain limitations, including imperfect editing, undesirable mutations, off‐target effects, and lack of potential to simultaneously edit multiple loci. Recently, prime editing (PE) has emerged as a new gene editing technology with the potential to overcome the above‐mentioned limitations. Interestingly, PE not only has higher specificity but also does not require double‐strand breaks. In addition, a minimum possibility of potential off‐target mutant sites makes PE a preferred choice for therapeutic gene editing. Furthermore, PE has the potential to introduce insertion and deletions of all 12 single‐base mutations at target sequences. Considering its potential, PE has been applied as a treatment option for genetic diseases including hemoglobinopathies. β‐Thalassemia, for example, one of the most significant blood disorders characterized by reduced levels of functional hemoglobin, could potentially be treated using PE. Therapeutic reactivation of the γ‐globin gene in adult β‐thalassemia patients through PE technology is considered a promising therapeutic strategy. The current review aims to briefly discuss the genome editing strategies and potential applications of PE for the treatment of β‐thalassemia. In addition, the review will also focus on challenges associated with the use of PE.

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Prime Editing, a Novel Genome-Editing Tool That May Surpass Conventional CRISPR-Cas9

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Prime Editing: An Emerging Tool in Cancer Treatment

Prime Editing: An Emerging Tool in Cancer Treatment

Prime editing in plants and mammalian cells: Mechanism, achievements, limitations, and future prospects

Prime editing: A potential treatment option for β‐thalassemia

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