Prime-boost vaccination strategy against avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses reduces shedding of the challenge viruses

Abstract

In the present study, we carried-out assessment of efficacy of different immunization strategies using two bivalent vaccine formulations containing antigens of inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV-genotype VIId) and reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1-HPAIV) mixed with Montanide ISA71 and Montanide Gel02 as adjuvants. The efficacy of the prepared vaccines was evaluated by determining the cellular and humoral immune responses. In addition, protection against H5N1-AIV and NDV-genotype VIId challenge viruses post vaccination was assessed when Montanide-Gel02 based vaccine was inoculated in 10-days-old specific pathogen free chicks intraocularly once, twice or once followed by a boost with the Montanide ISA71 based vaccine. The cytokines profile analysis demonstrated that the prime-boost strategy induced the highest up-regulation in interferon-gamma (11.39-fold change) and interleukin-6 (14.12-fold change) genes expression. Also, enhanced lymphocytes proliferation was recorded beside increased antibody titers with protection levels reaching 50 and 60% against H5N1 and NDV challenge; respectively. Immunization with Montanide ISA71 inactivated vaccine induced 80% protection; however, the prime-boost combination afforded complete protection (100%) in the challenged chickens against mortality, clinical signs and virus shedding. Finally, these results highlight the significance of considering not only different vaccine platforms but also vaccination strategies to maximize protection against AIV and NDV with regards to the longevity of the vaccine-induced immune response.

Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 in Egypt: Epidemiology, Evolutionary Perspective, and Vaccine Approach

“…The low protection was explained by using an inactivated vaccine prepared from a Korean NDV strain (KBNP-C4152R2L strain, INC., Korea) that is different from the circulating NDV strains in Egypt, which was used as a challenge virus. Conversely, a mucosal inactivated vaccine containing genotype VII failed to protect when used once (0%), which increased to 60% upon booster/second vaccination and 100% when inactivated oil-based vaccine was applied with the mucosal one (163).…”

“…Other regions, including the fusion peptide ; heptad repeats a, b, and c (HRa 143-185, HRb 268-299, and HRc 471-500); transmembrane (TM) domain (501-522); and cytoplasmic (CT) tail (523-553) were subjected to aa analysis, where several mutations were reported, which might affect the folding and fusion activities of the protein as described in the fusion peptide (87,88) or the HRa, b, and c (89). The HRa is also supposed to include a potential antigenic epitope (90,(149)(150)(151)(152)(153)(154)(155)(156)(157)(158)(159)(160)(161)(162)(163); however, the Egyptian NDV isolates had only few reports of aa substitutions in this epitope (V168I and D170N). The TM domain affects the structural confirmation of the F protein, F-HN protein interaction, and fusion activity (91).…”

“…After the involvement of new velogenic genotype VII of NDV (79), many studies were performed to evaluate the existing regimens to protect against the circulating field viruses, develop vaccine preparation, and update virus vaccine seeds (155,158,(162)(163)(164)(165). Three schemes of vaccination were proposed; the first included a heterologous vaccine regimen (massive genotype II vaccines) against challenge velogenic NDV genotype VII.…”

Effect of Age and Presence of Maternal Antibodies on Success of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Vaccinations in Broiler

“…Several strategic actions can be taken to control AI and ND diseases (Adi et al 2019;Mahardika et al 2018) but vaccination is the most practical prevention and control measure (Ismail et al 2018). The effectiveness of AI and ND vaccination will be better when the viral strains in the vaccines used are homologous to those in the field (Kapczynski et al 2017) called as vaccine matching strategy.…”

A Self-Assembling Ferritin Nanoplatform for Designing Classical Swine Fever Vaccine: Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody

“…Ltd., Guangdong, China) via intravenous injection at day 41 and sacrificed at the end point for measurements. The water or aqueous adjuvant Gel02 (Montanide, Seppic™, Castres, France) was emulsified with antigens to activate immunomodulatory function [ 22 ]. Moreover, to highlight the multimer of E2-ferritin np platform in the induction of NAb, the unpurified half-dose of E2-ferritin (20 μg/rabbit) was evaluated in an independent cohort.…”