Prime-boost protein subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly immunogenic in mice and macaques

Tan, Hyon‐Xhi; Juno, Jennifer A; Lee, Wen Shi; Barber-Axthelm, Isaac M; Kelly, Hannah G.; Wragg, Kathleen; Esterbauer, Robyn; Amarasena, Thakshila; Mordant, Francesca L; Subbarao, Kanta; Kent, Stephen J.; Wheatley, Adam K.

doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.278630

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…At the time of writing, we did not have access to vaccinated human samples in Australia. However, we were able to test samples from macaques that had been immunised with experimental SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines that induced high titre NAb responses 24 . Results in Figure 4A are shown from 3 macaques primed with spike protein vaccine with Addavax adjuvant, and boosted with soluble RBD protein on day 21, and from 8…”

Section: Serum Samples From Sars-cov-2 Immunised Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…additional macaques (Figure 4B) primed with whole spike protein (day 0) and boosted with spike protein (day 21), as described 24 . Blood samples were taken prior to the prime (day 0), post-prime (day 14; five animals only), prior to the boost (day 21), and post-boost (day 42).…”

Section: Serum Samples From Sars-cov-2 Immunised Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphs depict data as described in A. Samples from macaques were derived as previously described 24 . (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macaque serum samples were derived from stored samples from macaques that had been immunised with SARS-CoV-2 spike or RBD proteins, as described in detail in a recent study 24 . Animal studies and related experimental procedures were approved by the University of Melbourne Animal Ethics Committee (no.…”

Section: Macaque Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphs depict data as described in A. Samples from macaques were derived as previously described24 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A point-of-care lateral flow assay for neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Fulford

Van

Gherardin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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As vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are now being rolled out, a better understanding of immunity to the virus; whether through infection, or passive or active immunisation, and the durability of this protection is required. This will benefit from the ability to measure SARS-CoV-2 immunity, ideally with rapid turnaround and without the need for laboratory-based testing. Current rapid point-of-care (POC) tests measure antibodies (Ab) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, however, these tests provide no information on whether the antibodies can neutralise virus infectivity and are potentially protective, especially against newly emerging variants of the virus. Neutralising Antibodies (NAb) are emerging as a strong correlate of protection, but most current NAb assays require many hours or days, samples of venous blood, and access to laboratory facilities, which is especially problematic in resource-limited settings. We have developed a lateral flow POC test that can measure levels of RBD-ACE2 neutralising antibodies from whole blood, with a result that can be determined by eye (semi-quantitative) or on a small instrument (quantitative), and results show high correlation with microneutralisation assays. This assay also provides a measure of total anti-RBD antibody, thereby providing evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, regardless of whether NAb are present in the sample. By testing samples from immunised macaques, we demonstrate that this test is equally applicable for use with animal samples, and we show that this assay is readily adaptable to test for immunity to newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Accordingly, the COVID-19 NAb-testTM test described here can provide a rapid readout of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 at the point of care.

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Section: Serum Samples From Sars-cov-2 Immunised Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serum Samples From Sars-cov-2 Immunised Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macaque Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphs depict data as described in A. Samples from macaques were derived as previously described24 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A point-of-care lateral flow assay for neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Fulford

Van

Gherardin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Status Report on COVID-19 Vaccines Development

Kumar

Dowling

Román

et al. 2021

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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Purpose of Review The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected lives of billions of individuals, globally. There is an urgent need to develop interventions including vaccines to control the ongoing pandemic. Recent Findings Development of tools for fast-tracked testing including small and large animal models for vaccine efficacy analysis, assays for immunogenicity assessment, critical reagents, international biological standards, and data sharing allowed accelerated development of vaccines. More than 300 vaccines are under development and 9 of them are approved for emergency use in various countries, with impressive efficacy ranging from 50 to 95%. Recently, several new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged and are circulating globally, and preliminary findings imply that some of them may escape immune responses against previous variants and diminish efficacy of current vaccines. Most of these variants acquired new mutations in their surface protein (Spike) which is the antigen in most of the approved/under development vaccines. Summary In this review, we summarize novel and traditional approaches for COVID-19 vaccine development including inactivated, attenuated, nucleic acid, vector and protein based. Critical assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced by vaccines has shown comparative immunogenicity profiles of various vaccines in clinical phases. Recent reports confirmed that some currently available vaccines provide partial to complete protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. If more mutated variants emerge, current vaccines might need to be updated accordingly either by developing vaccines matching the circulating strain or designing multivalent vaccines to extend the breadth.

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Australian Donation and Transplantation Biobank: A Research Biobank Integrated Within a Deceased Organ and Tissue Donation Program

Sharma

Starkey

D’Costa

et al. 2022

Transplantation Direct

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Background. We aimed to facilitate the donation of tissue samples for research by establishing a centralized system integrated in the organ donation program for collection, storage, and distribution of samples (the Australian Donation and Transplantation Biobank [ADTB]). Methods. Feasibility of a research biobank integrated within the deceased organ and tissue donation program was assessed. DonateLife Victoria sought consent for ADTB donation after consent was received for organ donation for transplantation from the donor’s senior available next of kin. ADTB samples were collected during donation surgery and distributed fresh to researchers or stored for future research. The main outcome measures were ADTB donation rates, ADTB sample collection, ADTB sample use, and to identify ethical considerations. Results. Over 2 y, samples were collected for the ADTB from 69 donors (28% of 249 donors). Samples were obtained from the spleen (n = 59, 86%), colon (n = 57, 83%), ileum (n = 56, 82%), duodenum (n = 55, 80%), blood (n = 55, 80%), bone marrow (n = 55, 80%), skin (n = 54, 78%), mesenteric lymph nodes (n = 56, 81%), liver (n = 21, 30%), lung (n = 29, 42%), and lung-draining lymph node (n = 29, 42%). Heart (n = 20), breast (n = 1), and lower urinary tract (n = 1) samples were obtained in the second year. Five hundred fifty-six samples were used in 19 ethics-approved research projects spanning the fields of immunology, microbiology, oncology, anatomy, physiology, and surgery. Conclusions. The integration of routine deceased donation and transplantation activities with a coordinated system for retrieval and allocation of donor samples for use in a range of research projects is feasible and valuable.

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Prime-boost protein subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly immunogenic in mice and macaques

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

A point-of-care lateral flow assay for neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

A point-of-care lateral flow assay for neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Status Report on COVID-19 Vaccines Development

Australian Donation and Transplantation Biobank: A Research Biobank Integrated Within a Deceased Organ and Tissue Donation Program

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