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These comments are concerned with some aspects of the acute radiation injury problem that appear to deserve additional emphasis. The comments are greatly influenced by our experiences a t Rochester with the Lockport Incident, and especially with problems that have arisen in the clinical management of the most seriously injured casualty. A description of the incident, as well as a summary of some of the later clinical observations, have already been published and are reviewed only in abbreviated form in the present report.', The Lockport Incident refers to accidental X-ray exposures received by nine civilian radar technicians working a t an Air Force radar station, part of the SAGE network, in Lockport, New York, near Niagara Falls, in March, 1960. A newly installed klystron tube, which serves as a voltage amplifier for the radar transmitter, failed to function properly when voltage was applied, and the exposed men were engaged in a troubleshooting operation.The klystron tube has a copper anode approximately 14 inches long surrounded by a stainless steel shell through which water is circulated for cooling. The radiation is pulsed a t approximately 250 cycles per second; pulse width six to eight p-seconds; "on" time approximately 7.2 seconds per hour. The assembly is shielded with lead sufficient to reduce the Xradiation to M P E levels and a sign on the permanent shielding cautions the operators that it is dangerous to operate the tube with the shielding removed because of the radiation hazard. The upper portion of the shield, a lead cap covering the anode, weighs about 950 pounds and can be removed when it is necessary to make repairs or replace the tube.During the trouble-shooting operation, both the cap and the permanent shielding were removed for easier access to the tube and its tuning mechanism. The men assumed, quite erroneously, that if the tube produced no radio frequency, neither did it produce X-rays. Exposures were sustained over a period of approximately two hours while the men took turns making adjustments on the tube, reading the service manual aloud to the manipulators, or observing each other during attempts to find and correct the trouble. During this time, the tube was operated a t about 60 per cent of full voltage, producing X-rays of about 150 KeV; average current about 90 mA.
These comments are concerned with some aspects of the acute radiation injury problem that appear to deserve additional emphasis. The comments are greatly influenced by our experiences a t Rochester with the Lockport Incident, and especially with problems that have arisen in the clinical management of the most seriously injured casualty. A description of the incident, as well as a summary of some of the later clinical observations, have already been published and are reviewed only in abbreviated form in the present report.', The Lockport Incident refers to accidental X-ray exposures received by nine civilian radar technicians working a t an Air Force radar station, part of the SAGE network, in Lockport, New York, near Niagara Falls, in March, 1960. A newly installed klystron tube, which serves as a voltage amplifier for the radar transmitter, failed to function properly when voltage was applied, and the exposed men were engaged in a troubleshooting operation.The klystron tube has a copper anode approximately 14 inches long surrounded by a stainless steel shell through which water is circulated for cooling. The radiation is pulsed a t approximately 250 cycles per second; pulse width six to eight p-seconds; "on" time approximately 7.2 seconds per hour. The assembly is shielded with lead sufficient to reduce the Xradiation to M P E levels and a sign on the permanent shielding cautions the operators that it is dangerous to operate the tube with the shielding removed because of the radiation hazard. The upper portion of the shield, a lead cap covering the anode, weighs about 950 pounds and can be removed when it is necessary to make repairs or replace the tube.During the trouble-shooting operation, both the cap and the permanent shielding were removed for easier access to the tube and its tuning mechanism. The men assumed, quite erroneously, that if the tube produced no radio frequency, neither did it produce X-rays. Exposures were sustained over a period of approximately two hours while the men took turns making adjustments on the tube, reading the service manual aloud to the manipulators, or observing each other during attempts to find and correct the trouble. During this time, the tube was operated a t about 60 per cent of full voltage, producing X-rays of about 150 KeV; average current about 90 mA.
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