Primates and the Ecology of their Infectious Diseases: How will Anthropogenic Change Affect Host-Parasite Interactions?

Chapman, Colin A.; Gillespie, Thomas R.; Goldberg, Tony L.

doi:10.1002/evan.20068

Cited by 290 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…It has been suggested that habitat disturbance may create increased opportunities for parasite infection (Chapman et al, 2005). Here, we provide strong circumstantial evidence linking a specific pioneer tree species, which is common in disturbed areas, to infection with Controrchis spp., a dicrocoeliid trematode that has been recovered from populations of A. pigra in Belize and Mexico and from the mantled howler (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica (Stuart et al, 1990;Vitazkova and Wade, 2006;Trejo-Macias et al, 2007).…”

supporting

confidence: 51%

Parasites, Primates, and Ant-Plants: Clues to the Life Cycle of Controrchis spp. in Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Southern Belize

Kowalzik

Pavelka

Kutz

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, intensity, and possible transmission routes of the trematode, Controrchis spp. (Dicrocoeliidae), in a population of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) near Monkey River, Belize. Alouatta pigra are arboreal primates that are typically folivorous and frugivorous. Controrchis is a dicrocoeliid trematode and, as such, should require a gastropod and an ant (Formicidae) intermediate host for transmission. From January to July 2005 and February 2006 to June 2007, we collected fecal samples and focal animal data from 18 individual primates in four social groups. Feces were stored in either 10% buffered formalin or 95% ethanol and examined using a double-centrifugation sugar-flotation technique. The prevalence of Controrchis spp. was 89%, and the mean intensity was 2.29 eggs per gram (epg), with a range of 1.00-6.57 epg. A general linear mixed model to examine the effect of sex, rainfall, and time spent feeding on various plant species, while controlling for individual and group identity, revealed that both group and the amount of time spent feeding on trumpet trees (Cecropia peltata) by individuals predicted the prevalence and intensity of Controrchis spp. infestation. Cecropia peltata has a mutualistic relationship with Azteca spp. ants and constitutes an important food source for A. pigra. Our findings provide strong, circumstantial evidence that A. pigra are infected with Controrchis spp. through the ingestion of metacercariae in Azteca spp. when feeding on C. peltata. Because C. peltata is a pioneer tree species and typically occurs in disturbed forests, results from this study suggest an important link between habitat disturbance and parasitism in a wild mammal.

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supporting

confidence: 51%

Parasites, Primates, and Ant-Plants: Clues to the Life Cycle of Controrchis spp. in Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Southern Belize

Kowalzik

Pavelka

Kutz

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Disease and parasites are increasingly recognised as major selective forces in primate biology (Chapman et al 2005;Nunn and Altizer 2006). Infestation with gastro-intestinal parasites can be estimated from analyses of faecal samples (e.g., Gillespie 2006) and molecular techniques allow the detection of viruses and bacteria, even from decaying tissue (e.g., Leendertz et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and parasitological findings in a wild red titi monkey, Callicebus cupreus (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini)

et al. 2010

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An adult female red titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus) was found in a moribund state below a sleeping site at the Estación Biológica Quebrada Blanco in Peruvian Amazonia. Before death, the animal showed frequent convulsions. Post-mortem examination revealed the presence of Prosthenorchis elegans (Acanthocephala) in the small intestine. Major pathological findings concerned the digestive tract and the liver. Adult P. elegans provoked multifocal subacute to chronic enteritis with formation of ulcers in the small and large intestine. The liver revealed a severe chronic-active granulomatous hepatitis. While the cause of death could not be unambiguously identified, the infestation with P. elegans is likely to have played a key role in the pathogenesis of the chronic ulcerative enteritis and subsequent hepatitis; it possibly had a severe and longterm impact on the host's resource utilisation and defence against intruding pathogens and toxins of the digestive tract. The death of the animal is attributed to the chronic inflammatory processes in the digestive tract.

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“…Los primates antropoides (que incluye los humanos, Primates del viejo y del Nuevo mundo) y en un menor grado los prosimios, comparten características fisiológicas y genéticas que les hacen susceptibles a virus, bacterias, hongos, protozoos, helmintos, y ectoparásitos que tienen el potencial de cruzar las fronteras de especie en doble vía, aumentando el riesgo ocupacional en la transmisión de infecciones (2,4). Existe una amplia gama de enfermedades que los primates no humanos y las personas comparten, entre las cuales se ha descrito la leptospirosis (4).…”

unclassified

“…Existe una amplia gama de enfermedades que los primates no humanos y las personas comparten, entre las cuales se ha descrito la leptospirosis (4). Varios estudios efectuados en zoológicos han demostrado la presencia de la enfermedad en primates y otros animales silvestres (3,5).…”

unclassified

Anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp. en primates neotropicales y trabajadores de un zoológico colombiano

Peñuela¹,

Astudillo²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2011

Rev. salud pública

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Primates and the Ecology of their Infectious Diseases: How will Anthropogenic Change Affect Host-Parasite Interactions?

Cited by 290 publications

References 87 publications

Parasites, Primates, and Ant-Plants: Clues to the Life Cycle of Controrchis spp. in Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Southern Belize

Parasites, Primates, and Ant-Plants: Clues to the Life Cycle of Controrchis spp. in Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Southern Belize

Pathological and parasitological findings in a wild red titi monkey, Callicebus cupreus (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini)

Anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp. en primates neotropicales y trabajadores de un zoológico colombiano

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