Primates and its relationship with yellow fever

Abstract

The relationship between humans and wild animals is an ancient problem which is increasing due to the fast population growth, constructing roads, bridges, and invading the natural habitats of these animals. Problems like this are more evident when association of disease with wildlife occurs, such as the case of yellow fever in tropical countries. Primates are sensitive to yellow fever and they are suffering from human violence due to the lack of information about this disease, i.e., primates are being killed by humans because humans think that primates could be spreading the disease. However, primates do not present this condition. Then, the aim this work is to comment about the relation human-wildlife (primates, in specific) in relation to yellow fever. In short, to preserve the wildlife and, mainly, primates, actions from society and government should be implemented to provide information about yellow fever and to preserve primates.

Natural mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in a brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Brazil

“…Additionally, given its occurrence during the early stages of a recent regional yellow fever epidemic, 29 we could not exclude the possibility that this animal had been kept illegally as a pet and was released during the outbreak, out of fear of YFV and public misinformation. 30 The lesions observed in this case are hallmarks of mycobacterial infections in NTPs and other species. 31 Tuberculoid granulomas and diffuse infiltration of alveolar spaces are characteristic features described in the chronic-active phase of TB.…”

“…In this case, the prevalence and severity of pulmonary and pleural cavity lymph node lesions support the likelihood of airway transmission. Additionally, given its occurrence during the early stages of a recent regional yellow fever epidemic, 29 we could not exclude the possibility that this animal had been kept illegally as a pet and was released during the outbreak, out of fear of YFV and public misinformation 30 …”