Primate Survey in a Bornean Flooded Forest: Evaluation of Best Approach and Best Timing

Matsuda, Ikki; Otani, Y.; Bernard, Henry; Wong, Anna; Tuuga, Augustine

doi:10.3106/041.041.0201

Cited by 66 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The population size of the proboscis monkey in the Lower Kinabatangan was higher in 2014 (1,960 individuals) than in 2004 (1,340 individuals). This difference could be a result of differences in data collection; the number of monkeys counted during late afternoon surveys could be three times more than counts of the same groups in the morning (Matsuda et al, 2016), which means the increased number of monkeys counted in 2014 may not be a sign of an actual increase in population size. River surveys in the three long-term monitoring sites suggested that these populations were stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of the proboscis monkeyNasalis larvatusin the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

Matsuda

Abram²,

Stark

et al. 2018

Oryx

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The Endangered proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus is endemic to the island of Borneo. Habitat loss is a major threat to this species, and an understanding of long-term demographic trends is crucial for its conservation. We assessed the population trends and group sizes of proboscis monkeys over 10 years in the Lower Kinabatangan floodplain in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Comparisons of observed populations between 2004 and 2014 revealed significantly reduced group sizes, which is probably a result of forest fragmentation. Three long-term studies over 34–73 months in specific areas showed fluctuating estimated densities in each area, but no overall population increase or decrease. Riparian forests are the most important habitat for these monkeys, and one reason for the relatively stable population could be that there were only minor losses of forest along rivers during 2004–2014 because protected areas have been established in the region in 2005. However, proboscis monkey habitat remains under threat in areas allocated for oil palm, and protection of these areas is paramount to maintaining this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of the proboscis monkeyNasalis larvatusin the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

Matsuda

Abram²,

Stark

et al. 2018

Oryx

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“…Moreover, frequent recurrence at the same locations may facilitate accumulation of infective parasite stages and could result in reinfection ( Hausfater and Meade, 1982 ). Proboscis monkey groups return to sleeping sites ( Matsuda et al., 2016 ) and the surroundings of single trees appeared to be particularly popular as they were occupied regularly. The physical structure and location of both sleeping trees and their surrounding vegetation are important for the sleeping site selection of N. larvatus ( Thiry et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection patterns of intestinal parasites in arboreal primates (proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus) in Borneo

Klaus¹,

Zimmermann²,

Röper³

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Non-human primates of South-East Asia remain under-studied concerning parasite epidemiology and co-infection patterns. Simultaneously, efforts in conservation demand knowledge of parasite abundance and biodiversity in threatened species. The Endangered proboscis monkey, Nasalis larvatus, a primate flagship species for conservation in Borneo, was investigated in the present study. Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the greatest threats to bachelor and harem groups of this folivorous colobine. Designed as a follow-up study, prevalence and co-infection status of intestinal parasites from N. larvatus in a protected area in Malaysian Borneo were analyzed from fecal samples using a flotation method. For the first time, the intestinal parasite co-infection patterns were examined using quantitative analyses. Overall, 92.3% of fecal samples (N = 652) were positive for helminth eggs. Five helminth groups were detected: (1) trichurids (82.7% prevalence) including Trichuris spp. (82.1%) and Anatrichosoma spp. (1.4%), (2) strongyles (58.9%) including Trichostrongylus spp. (48.5%) and Oesophagostomum/Ternidens spp. (22.8%), (3) Strongyloides fuelleborni (32.7%), (4) Ascaris lumbricoides (8.6%), and (5) Enterobius spp. (5.5%). On average, an individual was co-infected with two different groups. Significant positive associations were found for co-infections of trichurids with strongyles and S. fuelleborni as well as S. fuelleborni with A. lumbricoides and strongyles. This study shows a high prevalence of various gastrointestinal helminths with potential transmission pathways primarily related to soil and with zoonotic relevance in wild proboscis monkeys in their remaining natural habitats. Observed positive associations of trichurids with strongyles and Strongyloides spp. may result from the high prevalence of trichurids. Similarly, positive associations between Strongyloides and Ascaris were found, both of which typically occur predominantly in juvenile hosts. These findings should be considered when proposing conservation actions in altered habitats nearby human settlements and when managing captive populations.

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“…We independently walked each transect at a speed of ~ 1.5 km/hour (Peres, ) during daylight hours, pausing every 100m for 2 minutes to thoroughly search the area for primates (Pruetz & Leasor, ). Although transects were sampled between 0530–1730, most sampling took place between 0730–1145 and 1230–1600, meaning that groups were no longer in their sleeping trees yet any change in monkey detectability based on time of day would be accounted for given the broad spectrum of sampling times (Matsuda, Otani, Bernard, Wong, & Tuuga, ). To avoid the likelihood of repeated sampling of the same primate individuals and groups on the same day, adjacent transects were not sampled on the same day (i.e., only odd or even‐numbered transects were sampled on a given day to ensure that all transects sampled during a single day were separated by at least 300m) and individual transects were sampled a maximum of once daily, with one to three transects sampled concurrently in randomized order at any given time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down by the riverside: Riparian edge effects on three monkey species in a fragmented Costa Rican forest

et al. 2020

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Rivers represent natural edges in forests, serving as transition zones between landscapes. Natural edge effects are important to study to understand how intrinsic habitat variations affect wildlife as well as the impact of human-induced forest fragmentation. We examined the influence of riparian and anthropogenic edge on mantled howler, white-faced capuchin, Central American spider monkeys, and vegetation structure at La Suerte Biological Research Station (abbreviated as LSBRS), Costa Rica. We predicted lower monkey encounter rate, tree species richness, and median dbh at both edge types compared to interior and that monkeys would show species-specific responses to edge based on size and diet. We expected large, folivorous-frugivorous howler monkeys and small, generalist capuchins would be found at increased density in forest edge, while large, frugivorous spider monkeys would be found at decreased density in forest edge. We conducted population and vegetation surveys along interior, riparian, and anthropogenic edge transects at LSBRS and used GLMM to compare vegetation and monkey encounter rate. Tree species richness and median dbh were higher in forest interior than anthropogenic edge zones. Although spider monkey encounter rate did not vary between forest edges and interior, howler monkeys were encountered at highest density in riparian edge, while capuchins were encountered at highest density in anthropogenic edge. Our results indicate that diverse forest edges have varying effects on biota. Vegetation was negatively affected by forest edges, while monkey species showed species-specific edge preferences.Our findings suggest that riparian zones should be prioritized for conservation in Neotropical forests.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. K E Y W O R D SAlouatta, Ateles, Cebus, edge effects, forest fragmentation, natural forest edge, river edge, tropical rain forest

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Primate Survey in a Bornean Flooded Forest: Evaluation of Best Approach and Best Timing

Cited by 66 publications

References 17 publications

Population dynamics of the proboscis monkeyNasalis larvatusin the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

Population dynamics of the proboscis monkeyNasalis larvatusin the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

Co-infection patterns of intestinal parasites in arboreal primates (proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus) in Borneo

Down by the riverside: Riparian edge effects on three monkey species in a fragmented Costa Rican forest

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