Primate performance decrements following acute soman exposure: Failure of chemical countermeasures

Blick, Dennis W.; Murphy, Michael R.; Brown, G. Carroll; Hartgraves, Stanley L.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)90062-0

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…That is, it varied among animals; the clinical changes were similar; and the intensity of the changes increased with the number and concentration of administered doses. 3,18,20 The novelty of our study concerns the finding that surface EMG signals are modified in association with increased dose of OP compounds, and that this manifestation in the EMG signal occurred prior to overt symptoms of cholinesterase toxicity. Previous reports 1,23 have described changes in the shape of action potentials detected via needle electrodes, but no associations were made with respect to increases in dose followed by a washout period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The electromyographic signal as a presymptomatic indicator of organophosphates in the body

et al. 2005

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Organophosphate (OP) compounds are present in household and agricultural pesticides as well as in nerve agents. The toxic effects of these chemicals result from their anticholinesterase activity, which disrupts nerve junctions and parasympathetic effector sites, leading to a variety of symptoms and possible death. When the anticholinesterase agents in OP compounds reach the neuromuscular junction, they cause a disruption in the firing of muscle fiber action potentials. This effect has the potential of altering the time course of the electromyographic (EMG) signal detected by surface electrodes. We investigated the association between OP compound dose, surface EMG changes, and overt signs of OP toxicity. Daily doses of 10-15 microg/kg of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) were injected into the calf muscle of four rhesus monkeys while surface EMG signals were recorded from two thigh muscles bilaterally. With increasing number of doses, the EMG signal presented an increasing number of time gaps. The presence of the gaps was evident prior to any overt symptoms of cholinesterase toxicity. These findings can lead to the development of noninvasive technology for indicating the presence of OP compounds in muscle tissue prior to clinical abnormalities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The electromyographic signal as a presymptomatic indicator of organophosphates in the body

et al. 2005

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“…Among the environmental hazards that have been studied are ionizing (2,34,49) and nonionizing (41) radiation, chemical warfare agents (4,5,7,8), and chemical warfare defense pretreatments and/or therapies (6,15,30,33,48). The work reported here is part of an effort to increase the accuracy of extrapolations of performance effects from animal models to human conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PEP task was developed at the USAF Armstrong Laboratory and has recently been used to assess the effects of nerve agents, prophylactics, antidotes and their combinations (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)15,33,48). The PEP is a continuous compensatory tracking task that should be sensitive to the effects of low to moderate levels of ethanol.…”

Section: Pep Training and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PEP task is a non-human primate model that the Air Force has used for more than 20 years to measure the effects of hazardous environments on performance. Among the environmental hazards that have been studied are ionizing (2,34,49) and nonionizing (41) radiation, chemical warfare agents (4,5,7,8), and chemical warfare defense pretreatments and/or therapies (6,15,30,33,48).…”

Section: Introduction-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Human Primate Model for Performance Effects of Ethanol

Blick¹,

Weathersby²,

Miller³

et al. 2000

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“…The PEP is a continuous, compensatory-tracking task that has been extensively used in assessments of the effects of nerve agents and associated drugs, such as prophylactics, antidotes, and their combinations (Farrer et al, 1982;Blick et al, 1994). Performance on the PEP task measures fine motor control involved in joystick manipulation and the integrity of the complex sensorimotor system necessary for maintaining equilibrium and orientation in space.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Effects on Goal-Directed Behavior of High-Intensity Infrasound in a Resonant Reverberant Chamber

Cook¹,

Sherry²,

Brown³

et al. 2001

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.

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Primate performance decrements following acute soman exposure: Failure of chemical countermeasures

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

The electromyographic signal as a presymptomatic indicator of organophosphates in the body

The electromyographic signal as a presymptomatic indicator of organophosphates in the body

Non-Human Primate Model for Performance Effects of Ethanol

Lack of Effects on Goal-Directed Behavior of High-Intensity Infrasound in a Resonant Reverberant Chamber

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