Primary vaccination and revaccination of young adults with BCG: A study using immunological markers

Fjällbrant, Harald; Ridell, Malin; Larsson, Lars

doi:10.1080/00365540701367777

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, it was not associated with higher IFN-g response (when baseline responses were taken into account) at 24 weeks. Our in-depth characterization of this short term effect is supported by previous work at single time points that showed initial increases following revaccination with BCG [25e27] that were not sustained at 24 [28] or 52 weeks [29,30]. This suggests that revaccination with BCG has an impact on overall IFN-g levels in the short term (<24 weeks) but may have little effect on IFN-g levels long term (>24 weeks).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Individual-level factors associated with variation in mycobacterial-specific immune response: Gender and previous BCG vaccination status

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Individual-level factors associated with variation in mycobacterial-specific immune response: Gender and previous BCG vaccination status

et al. 2016

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“…Several studies have shown that BCG revaccination had no protective efficacy against TB (19,28,32). Fjällbrant et al reported that both primary vaccination and revaccination of tuberculin skin test-negative young adults caused a significant increase in the T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response (12), a result consistent with the present findings in the old guinea pig model. This result suggests that BCG revaccination has a protective effect against TB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Influence of Advanced Age onMycobacterium bovisBCG Vaccination in Guinea Pigs Aerogenically Infected withMycobacterium tuberculosis

Komine‐Aizawa

Yamazaki

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only tuberculosis (TB) vaccine currently available, but its efficacy against adult pulmonary TB remains controversial. BCG induces specific immune responses to mycobacterial antigens and may elicit protective immunity against TB. TB remains a major public health problem, especially among the elderly, yet the efficacy of BCG in the elderly is unknown. We investigated the ability of BCG vaccination to prevent TB in young (6-week-old), middle-aged (18-month-old), and old (60-month-old) guinea pigs. BCG-Tokyo vaccination reduced the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in all three groups. By use of an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-␥)-producing cells were detected in the 60-month-old guinea pigs after a booster vaccination with BCG-Tokyo. Our findings suggest that BCG-Tokyo has a protective effect against tuberculosis infection regardless of age.

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“…In adults, BCG vaccination induced CD4 ϩ IFN-␥ ϩ responses (12)(13)(14) as well as IFN-␥-and TNF-␣-secreting CD8 ϩ T cells with cytotoxic activity (15). However, data on the induction of polyfunctional T cells by BCG vaccination in adults have been conflicting (16,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination Induces Divergent Proinflammatory or Regulatory T Cell Responses in Adults

Boer¹,

Prins²,

Meijgaarden³

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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T uberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the second greatest infectious cause of death worldwide after HIV, accounting for 1.3 million deaths in 2012 (1). The only available vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), protects infants from disseminated forms of TB but has insufficient and inconsistent efficacy in protecting adults from pulmonary TB (1, 2). A vaccine preventing active pulmonary TB, the contagious form of the disease, would greatly impact the epidemic (3), and a better understanding of vaccine-induced mechanisms of protection is essential in developing new surrogate endpoints (4).Both CD4 ϩ Th1 (gamma interferon-positive [IFN-␥ ϩ ]) cells and CD8 ϩ T cells are critical for protection against TB (5). Specifically, CD4ϩ IFN-␥ ϩ interleukin 2-positive (IL-2 ϩ ) tumor necrosis factor ␣-positive (TNF-␣ ϩ ) polyfunctional T cells have been proposed as a correlate of vaccine-induced protective immunity in murine infection models (6). In infants, BCG vaccination induced specific cytokine expression in CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cells (7-9), including IFN-␥ ϩ IL-2 ϩ TNF-␣ ϩ polyfunctional CD4 ϩ T cells (10). However, there was no relation between the presence of such cells and the development of TB during follow-up (11).In adults, BCG vaccination induced CD4 ϩ IFN-␥ ϩ responses (12-14) as well as IFN-␥-and TNF-␣-secreting CD8 ϩ T cells with cytotoxic activity (15). However, data on the induction of polyfunctional T cells by BCG vaccination in adults have been conflicting (16,17). In one report, the induction of polyfunctional CD4 ϩ T cells was similar in magnitude in BCG-vaccinated infants and adults; however, when induction was analyzed as the proportion of polyfunctional versus single-cytokine-producing T cells, the proportion of polyfunctional CD4 ϩ T cells was larger in children than in adults (16). Further, studies on latent (controlled) versus active TB in adults yielded variable results on changes in monoand triple-cytokine-producing T cell subsets (18,19), such that it was suggested that polyfunctional T cells are also present in active TB disease and that these cells are not a surrogate marker of protection against TB in humans (19,20).Another explanation for the inconsistent protection induced by BCG against TB in adults is the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) by mycobacteria, which can dampen proinflammatory responses (21). In that context, we reported that live BCG triggers the specific activation of CD8 ϩ (but not CD4 ϩ ) Tregs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of mycobacterial purified protein derivative (PPD)-responsive adults (22), while others found that BCG vaccination induced CD4 ϩ Tregs in newborns (23) and adults (24). Here, in a small, well-defined cohort of pre-

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Primary vaccination and revaccination of young adults with BCG: A study using immunological markers

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Individual-level factors associated with variation in mycobacterial-specific immune response: Gender and previous BCG vaccination status

Individual-level factors associated with variation in mycobacterial-specific immune response: Gender and previous BCG vaccination status

Influence of Advanced Age onMycobacterium bovisBCG Vaccination in Guinea Pigs Aerogenically Infected withMycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination Induces Divergent Proinflammatory or Regulatory T Cell Responses in Adults

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