Primary undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Takubo, Kaiyo; Nakamura, Kenichi; Sawabe, Motoji; Arai, Tomio; Esaki, Yukiyoshi; Miyashita, Masao; Mafune, Ken–ichi; Tanaka, Yoïchi; Sumii, Koji

doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90279-4

Cited by 85 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Both the disparities and similarities identified here were suggested before (Nichols and Kelsen, 1989;Matsui et al, 1991;Nishimaki et al, 1997). Moreover, initial reports seem to imply only partial overlap between the molecular biology patterns of the two entities (Takubo et al, 1999;Lam et al, 2000;Maitra et al, 2001). This suggests the need for further investigation, and the drawback of managing SmCC of the GIT totally on the basis of extrapolations from lung SmCC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Owing to the paucity of information and its resemblance to the well-recognised primary SmCC of the lung (Kelsen et al, 1980;Fer et al, 1981;Ibrahim et al, 1984), the disease is usually managed as the latter (Nichols and Kelsen, 1989;Huncharek and Muscat, 1995). However, the extent of the similarity between the two entities has been recently questioned; data from a literature review that we have performed (Brenner et al, 2004), as well as from other reports, suggest some differences between the two (Nishimaki et al, 1997;Arai and Matsuda, 1998;Takubo et al, 1999;Maitra et al, 2001). In order to better define the clinical features of the disease, as well the impact of various treatment modalities, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with gastrointestinal (GI) SmCC who were seen at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 1980 and 2002.…”

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confidence: 75%

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Small-cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a retrospective study of 64 cases

et al. 2004

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Small-cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the gastrointestinal tract is a very rare and aggressive malignancy. To better define its clinicopathological features, the records of all patients with this disease seen at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 1980 and 2002 (n ¼ 64) were reviewed. The most common primary tumour locations were in the large bowel and oesophagus. Predisposing medical conditions for non-small-cell cancers, positive family cancer history, and metachronous tumours were common. In all, 37% had mixed tumour histology and 48% presented with extensive disease, according to the Veterans' Administration Lung Study group (VALSG) staging system used for small-cell lung cancer. Treatment outcome in limited disease (LD) suggested a role for surgery and chemotherapy. Platinum-based regimens resulted in a 50% response rate. The 2-year survival was 23% and two prognostic factors were identified, the extent of disease according to the VALSG system (Po0.01) and TNM stage (P ¼ 0.03). Anatomic location had no clinical impact. In conclusion, SmCC from various gastrointestinal sites can be viewed as one clinical entity. Mixed tumour histology is common and may affect therapy. Surgery, combined with chemotherapy, should be considered for LD. The value of the VALSG system was implied and possible differences from small-cell lung cancer were noted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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confidence: 75%

Small-cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a retrospective study of 64 cases

et al. 2004

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“…Although pRB expression has, to our knowledge, never been evaluated in small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder before, pRB loss is common in pulmonary small cell carcinomas (33) and has been reported in small cell carcinomas in extrapulmonary sites (34,35). Hence, gallbladder carcinomas appear to fit the paradigm that small cell (high grade) neuroendocrine carcinomas of any site are consistently characterized by loss of pRB expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunohistochemical and Genetic Analysis of Non–Small Cell and Small Cell Gallbladder Carcinoma and Their Precursor Lesions

et al. 2003

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Gallbladder carcinomas can be highly lethal neoplasms. Relatively little is known about the genetic abnormalities that underlie these tumors, particularly with respect to their timing in neoplastic progression. The authors evaluated 5 noninvasive dysplasias and 33 invasive gallbladder carcinomas (6 small cell carcinomas, 27 non-small cell carcinomas, of which 16 were accompanied by an in situ carcinoma component) for expression of the protein products of the p16, p53, Dpc4, and pRB tumor suppressor genes by immunohistochemistry. Neoplasms were also evaluated for the presence of activating K-ras oncogene mutations. Seventy-five percent of non-small cell gallbladder carcinomas demonstrated loss of p16 expression, whereas 63% accumulated high levels of p53. Loss of Dpc4 and pRB expression was less frequent, seen in 19% and 4% of the neoplasms, respectively. Thirty percent of neoplasms harbored activating K-ras mutations. In contrast, 100% of the small cell carcinomas of the gallbladder demonstrated inactivation of the pRB/ p16 pathway; 67% showed loss of pRB expression, and the other 33% lost p16 expression. Eighty-three percent of small cell carcinomas accumulated high levels of p53, whereas loss of Dpc4 expression and activating K-ras mutations were not found. Among 15 evaluable in situ components, 13 harbored the same alterations found in the invasive component.Inactivation of p16 and p53 occur in the majority of non-small cell gallbladder carcinomas. Dpc4 inactivation and K-ras mutations occur in a significant minority of cases. pRB loss is uncommon in nonsmall cell gallbladder carcinoma, but virtually all small cell carcinomas inactivate the p16/pRB pathway, usually by retinoblastoma protein loss. It is noteworthy that all of these alterations occur at the level of carcinoma in situ.

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“…The definition of NEC refers to neoplasms previously classified as small-cell carcinoma or poorly differentiated (neuro)endocrine carcinoma (PDNEC). Since the first report of ‘extrapulmonary oat cell carcinoma’ of the mediastinum by Duguid and Kennedy [3 ]in 1930, extrapulmonary NECs (EP-NECs) have been reported to arise in a variety of organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, head and neck region, or urogenital tract [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. EP-NECs are a fairly rare, heterogeneous disease entity, and no standard treatment has been established [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chemotherapeutic Treatment Outcomes of Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas and Advanced Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma

Terashima¹,

Morizane²,

Hiraoka

et al. 2012

Neuroendocrinology

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Background: The chemotherapy for small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has been adopted for advanced extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas (EP-NECs). The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of standard SCLC regimens when used to treat EP-NECs and to compare the outcome with that for SCLC. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 136 patients (41 with EP-NEC and 95 with SCLC) who were treated using a platinum-containing regimen for advanced disease between January 2000 and October 2008 at our hospital. Results: The primary site of the EP-NEC was the gastrointestinal tract in 18 patients (GI tract group); the liver, biliary tract or pancreas in 16 patients (HBP group), and other sites in 7 patients (‘others’ group). The response rate in the SCLC patients was 77.8%, and the response rate in the EP-NEC patients was 30.8% (37.5% in the GI tract group, 12.5% in the HBP group, and 57.1% in the ‘others’ group). The median survival time for the SCLC patients was 13.6 months, while that for the EP-NEC patients was 9.2 months (14.9 months in the GI tract group, 7.8 months in the HBP group, and 8.9 months in the ‘others’ group). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that a poor performance status, liver involvement, and the treatment regimen were independent unfavorable prognostic factors. Conclusion: The response rate and prognosis of the patients with advanced EP-NECs were worse than those of the patients with SCLC in this study. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, liver involvement, and treatment regimen had a larger impact on the prognosis than the primary tumor site, as demonstrated by multivariate analysis.

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Primary undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Cited by 85 publications

References 12 publications

Small-cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a retrospective study of 64 cases

Small-cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a retrospective study of 64 cases

Immunohistochemical and Genetic Analysis of Non–Small Cell and Small Cell Gallbladder Carcinoma and Their Precursor Lesions

Comparison of Chemotherapeutic Treatment Outcomes of Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas and Advanced Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma

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