Primary structure and localization of a conserved immunogenicPlasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein (GLURP) expressed in both the preerythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of the vertebrate life cycle

Borre, Martin B.; Dziegiel, Morten Hanefeld; Høgh, Birthe; Petersen, Eskild; Rieneck, Klaus; Riley, Eleanor M.; Meis, Jacques F.; Aikawa, Masamichi; Nakamura, Kei‐ichiro; Harada, Masakazu; Wind, Anette; Jakobsen, Palle; Cowland, Jack B.; Jepsen, Søren; Axelsen, N. H.; Vuust, Jens

doi:10.1016/0166-6851(91)90135-s

Cited by 124 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Allelic variants of three P. falciparum genes, merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), 6 MSP-2, 7 and glutamate-rich protein (GLURP), 8 were investigated by PCR. Plasmodial DNA was first extracted from 10-20 l of each blood sample using a resin buffered suspension matrix (Instagene Matrix) as described by the manufacturer (Bio-Rad, Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that survive the lengthy dry season in eastern Sudan where malaria transmission is markedly seasonal.

Babiker

Abdel-Muhsin

Ranford-Cartwright

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

120

103

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Abstract. We have examined 83 inhabitants of Asar village in eastern Sudan, where malaria transmission lasts approximately 2-3 months each year, for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum during the prolonged dry season. All patients were treated with a standard dose of chloroquine following the first diagnosis, then examined by microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) every two weeks for the first two months and subsequently once each month for the next 15 months throughout the dry season until the following transmission season. The PCR primers used amplified polymorphic regions of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), MSP-2, and glutamate-rich protein genes. Results show that subpatent and asymptomatic parasitemias persisted in some patients for several months throughout the dry season, often as genetically complex infections. Different genotypes could coexist together in a single infection and the proportions of each could fluctuate dramatically during this period. However, in some individuals, single genotypes appeared to persist for several months. Reappearance of clinical symptoms among patients with chronic infections was often associated with appearance of new alleles, indicating reinfections with parasites of novel genotypes.In the poor savannah area of eastern Sudan, the malaria transmission season is short and confined to approximately three rainy months of the year. In this region, the epidemiology of malaria is consistent with that of a hypoendemic area, where transmission occurs only following rains. A brief expansion of the mosquito population at this time leads to malaria outbreaks in October and November each year. However, during the long dry season from January to June, apart from a few clinical reports, very little is known about parasite reservoirs, or whether mosquitoes continue to transmit the parasite. A previous entomologic study suggested that the main mosquito vector, Anopheles arabiensis, retracts to scanty breeding sites where it can survive the dry season with continuous feeding activity but an incomplete reproductive cycle. 1 Nothing is known about how the long dry season influences the dynamics and the structure of the parasite populations in this region.During the past seven years, we have carried out regular surveys of the Plasmodium falciparum population in October-November in Asar village in eastern Sudan. 2,3 The principal findings have been that 1) a considerable amount of allelic polymorphism exists among the genes of parasites infecting patients at this time of the year, 2) no two patients are infected with identical parasite clones, and 3) most patients are infected with a mixture of parasite clones. A great diversity was found even among parasites that caused the very early malaria cases in the transmission season. 3 Such a level of diversity suggests that the parasites that appear at this time of the year may belong to a large parasite reservoir existing prior to the beginning of the rainy season. A recent study in a neighboring village has shown that sub-pa...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that survive the lengthy dry season in eastern Sudan where malaria transmission is markedly seasonal.

Babiker

Abdel-Muhsin

Ranford-Cartwright

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

120

103

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“…The primers amplified block 2 of the msp-1 gene, 21 most of the msp-2 gene, 22 and the central region of the glurp gene. 23 In addition, sequence variations in the amplified regions of the msp-1 and msp-2 genes were detected using sequence-specific primers. These were the three known sequence classes of the amplified block 2 of the msp-1 gene denoted K1, MAD20, and RO33, 24 and the two known sequences of block 3 of msp-2 denoted IC1 and FC27.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Complexity of Plasmodium Falciparum in Two Ethnic Groups of Burkina Faso With Marked Differences in Susceptibility to Malaria

Paganotti

Babiker²,

Modiano

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Anti GLURP antibodies target the erythrocyte and hepatic stages of malaria, and stimulate both B and T cell immune responses. [58] This class of antibodies was shown to be high in clinically ill children compared to the asymptomatic one, suggesting the importance of anti GLURP antibodies in malaria immunity. [59] MSP3 and GLURP proteins have been shown to have a complementary effect that provides a rationale for combining these two antigens in a hybrid vaccine formulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of specific antibody responses to selected malaria vaccine candidates in Zimbabwean children

Marume

Nyandoro

Mutingwende

et al. 2015

Clinical Nursing Studies

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Introduction: There is high malaria related morbidity and mortality amongst infants and children in malaria endemic areas. An In-depth understanding of protective immunity correlates enables the long due necessary development of an effective malaria vaccine. This study aimed at evaluating antibody responses to apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA 1) that helps P falciparum entry into red blood cells, Glutamate rich protein (GLURP), an antigen expressed in the whole life cycle of the malaria causing pathogen, merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP 1) coding for a major antigen in the asexual stage of P falciparum and merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP 3), a polymorphic blood stage malaria antigen in Zimbabwean children living in malaria endemic areas. Methods: We characterized humoral immune responses to malaria vaccine candidates in a two year longitudinal survey among 136 children (6-16 years) from Burma and Kariba in Zimbabwe. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for malaria parasites, plasma and antibody titers against malaria vaccine candidates [MSP1, MSP3, GLURP, AMA] by ELISA technique. The blood samples were also checked for potential confounders like anemia, bilharzia and HIV sero-status using the ELISA technique. Results: Ig levels were significantly different (p < .0001) across the three time points, and against the different candidates (p < .0001). MSP3 had the highest (13,552.2) and GLURP the least (4,741.6) IgM titers. However, IgG, IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 levels were highest against AMA compared to other vaccine candidates, 3) and anti-GLURP IgG4 (58.7)]. Anemia burden was about 44% at baseline with a threefold decrease (-16%) over the 12 month follow up. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for robust evaluation of several malaria vaccine candidates in combination to understand correlates of protective immunity as suggested by the significant antibody levels against the four vaccine candidates. Longer follow up periods are needed to assess the impact of continuous malaria exposure on host immune responses. Multivalent malaria vaccine development offer a better chance towards an efficacious malaria vaccine compared to monovalent vaccine. Antibody levels against the four vaccine candidates were significant suggesting that an ideal malaria vaccine should target more than one antigen.

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Primary structure and localization of a conserved immunogenicPlasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein (GLURP) expressed in both the preerythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of the vertebrate life cycle

Cited by 124 publications

References 38 publications

Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that survive the lengthy dry season in eastern Sudan where malaria transmission is markedly seasonal.

Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that survive the lengthy dry season in eastern Sudan where malaria transmission is markedly seasonal.

Genetic Complexity of Plasmodium Falciparum in Two Ethnic Groups of Burkina Faso With Marked Differences in Susceptibility to Malaria

Evaluation of specific antibody responses to selected malaria vaccine candidates in Zimbabwean children

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