Primary stage of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: viral dissemination and cellular targets

Beebe, Amy M.; Dua, Niels; Faith, T. G.; Moore, Peter F.; Pedersen, Niels C; Dandekar, Satya

doi:10.1128/jvi.68.5.3080-3091.1994

Cited by 130 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The virus can be isolated fi'om lymphocytes at the earliest between day 10 and 14 after infection. Viraemia rapidly increases until day 21 (George el al., 1993;Dua et al, 1994), peaks between weeks 7 and 8 ancl then decreases again. In the terminal stage, when CD4 cells decrease ve~ 3' rapidly, there is another increase in virus load.…”

Section: [In Lll L L ~Le Fpspo Ii Sementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Despite the generation of netttralizing antibodies and of a celhtlar imnaune reaction, a latent infection arises. Primm 3, targets of infection are the lymphocytes, but already during the acute phase a marked infection of macrophages takes place which resttlts in a ch'ift fi-om lymphocytotroplaic to monocytotropic FlY strains (Beebe et al, 1994). The quantity of inoculated virus influences the time to the appearance of viraemia and prodttction of antibodies (Yamamoto el al., 1988).…”

Section: [In Lll L L ~Le Fpspo Ii Sementioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an overview

Hartmann

1998

The Veterinary Journal

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In 1987, Pedersen et al. (1987) reported the isolation of a T-lymphotropic virus possessing the characteristics of a lentivirus from pet cats in Davis, California. From the first report onwards, it was evident that in causing an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in cats, the virus was of substantial veterinary importance. It shares many physical and biochemical properties with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and was therefore named feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). This article reviews recent knowledge of the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options of FIV infection.

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Section: [In Lll L L ~Le Fpspo Ii Sementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: [In Lll L L ~Le Fpspo Ii Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an overview

Hartmann

1998

The Veterinary Journal

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“…For the demonstration of the CD45R antigen of B-cells (Monteith et al, 1996), sections were incubated in citrate buffer (10 mM, pH 6.0) at 968C for 30 min. To demonstrate the myeloid/histiocyte antigen of monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils (leukocyte protein L1, calprotectin; Dale et al, 1983;Flavell et al, 1987) and the CD3 antigen of T-cells (Beebe et al, 1994), sections were pretreated with 0.5% protease (type XXIV: bacterial, Sigma Chemie Deisenhofen, Germany) diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2) at 378C for 5 min.…”

Section: Immunohistologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis

Kipar¹,

Bellmann²,

Kremendahl³

et al. 1998

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

114

191

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Twenty-three cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were examined by light microscopy including immunohistology and histochemistry in order to determine the cellular composition and the expression of viral antigen in lesions in FIP. Furthermore, the presence of plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies was evaluated in situ. Macrophages and neutrophils were demonstrated by an antibody against calprotectin (leukocyte protein L1, myeloid/histiocyte antigen), neutrophils were recognized due to their chloroacetate esterase activity, and B- and T-lymphocytes were identified by antibodies against the CD3 antigen and the CD45R antigen, respectively. Expression of viral antigen was immunohistologically demonstrated by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against coronavirus while coronavirus-specific antibodies in situ were identified by the application of feline coronavirus prior to the coronavirus antibody. Lesions were classified as diffuse alterations at serosal surfaces, granulomas with areas of necrosis, granulomas without extended necrosis, focal and perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates, and granulomatous-necrotizing vasculitis. Diffuse alterations on serosal surfaces were represented either by activated mesothelial cells with single coronavirus antigen-bearing macrophages or by layers of precipitated exudate containing single to numerous granulomas with areas of necrosis. In liver and spleen, the exudate was often underlaid by a small band of subcapsular B-cells with an occasional plasma-cell producing coronavirus-specific antibodies. In other locations, a variably broad band of B-cells and plasma-cells, often infiltrating between underlying muscle fibers, separated the exudate from the unaltered tissue. Some of these plasma-cells were positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. In granulomas with areas of necrosis, the central necrosis was surrounded by macrophages usually expressing considerable amounts of viral antigen. Few B-cells and plasma-cells were found in the periphery. In granulomas without extended necrosis, the number of macrophages were lower. Only few macrophages expressing low amounts of viral antigen were present. B-cells and plasma-cells formed a broad rim. Few plasma-cells stained positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. In both types of granulomas, few neutrophils were found between macrophages. Few T-cells were seen scattered throughout the lesions. Focal and perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates were mainlyseen in omentum and leptomeninx. B-cells were the predominant cells; some plasma-cells were positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. Viral antigen was not readily detected in these alterations. Granulomatous-necrotizing vasculitis was occasionally found in kidneys and leptomeninx. It was dominated by macrophages which often stained strongly positive for coronavirus antigen. Different types of alteration were often seen in the same animal and even the same tissue. There was no obvious correlation between the cat's age, gross pathological changes...

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“…Interest in the mucosal lymphoid tissue of the domestic cat has grown as a comparative spontaneous and experimental animal model for various human diseases including in¯ammatory bowel disease, viral and non-viral associated intestinal lymphomas (Callanan et al, 1996;Jackson et al, 1996), and immunode®ciency associated syndromes (Beebe et al, 1994). The intestinal mucosal barrier and presumably, the MALT, also have a role in the pathogenesis of feline corona virus infection and the resultant development of feline infectious peritonitis (Pedersen et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the diffuse mucosal associated lymphoid tissue of feline small intestine

Roccabianca

Woo

Moore

2000

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Characterization of the feline intestinal mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) will facilitate investigation of intestinal disease in the cat and promote the cat as an animal model for a range of human diseases which involve the intestinal lymphoid tissue. This includes inflammatory bowel disease, viral and non-viral associated intestinal lymphomas and immunodeficiency associated syndromes. Morphologic and phenotypic characterization of the normal small intestinal diffuse MALT in 22 SPF cats was performed using flow cytometry and cytology on isolated intestinal leukocytes from the intra-epithelial and lamina proprial compartments, as well as immunohistology on tissues from the feline duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The intra-epithelial compartment (IEC) was dominated by lymphocytes (>85%) which frequently contained intracytoplasmic granules. The most striking findings in the IEC were the elevated percentages of CD8 alpha+ lymphocytes (40%), presumed to express CD8 alpha alpha chains, and CD4-/CD8- (double negative) lymphocytes (44%), and the consistent presence of a minor subpopulation of CD3+/CD11d+ IELs (6%). Small percentages of CD4+ lymphocytes (10%) were observed such that the IEL CD4:CD8 ratio (0.25) was low. The LPC also contained a majority of T cells and few plasma cells. However, this compartment had reduced percentages of CD8 alpha+ lymphocytes (28%) and increased percentages of CD4+ lymphocytes (27%) relative to the IEC. However, the LPL CD4:CD8 ratio (1.0) remained low compared with the ratio in peripheral blood. In feline MALT, MHC class II expression was lower than in other peripheral lymphoid compartments. The results of this study provide important reference values for future investigations involving feline intestinal lymphocytes and demonstrates that the leukocyte distribution and phenotypic characteristics of the feline diffuse MALT appear largely similar to the murine, rat and human counterparts.

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Primary stage of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: viral dissemination and cellular targets

Cited by 130 publications

References 69 publications

Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an overview

Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an overview

Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis

Characterization of the diffuse mucosal associated lymphoid tissue of feline small intestine

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