Primary somatosensory cortex hand representation dynamically modulated by motor output

McGeoch, Paul D.; Brang, David; Huang, Mingxiong; Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.

doi:10.1080/13554794.2013.873060

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Some suggest that the desire to amputate arises from a failure to adequately represent the affected limb in the relevant area of cortex. For example, McGeoch et al (2015) recorded somatosensory evoked fields using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during tactile stimulation of the feet of BID participants. They observed a significant reduction in activity over rSPL in the patients compared to controls.…”

Section: A New Generation Of Research Into Bid Treatment Using Neurofeedback/brain–computer Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Could Brain–Computer Interface Be a New Therapeutic Approach for Body Integrity Dysphoria?

Chakraborty

Saetta

Simon

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Patients suffering from body integrity dysphoria (BID) desire to become disabled, arising from a mismatch between the desired body and the physical body. We focus here on the most common variant, characterized by the desire for amputation of a healthy limb. In most reported cases, amputation of the rejected limb entirely alleviates the distress of the condition and engenders substantial improvement in quality of life. Since BID can lead to life-long suffering, it is essential to identify an effective form of treatment that causes the least amount of alteration to the person’s anatomical structure and functionality. Treatment methods involving medications, psychotherapy, and vestibular stimulation have proven largely ineffective. In this hypothesis article, we briefly discuss the characteristics, etiology, and current treatment options available for BID before highlighting the need for new, theory driven approaches. Drawing on recent findings relating to functional and structural brain correlates of BID, we introduce the idea of brain–computer interface (BCI)/neurofeedback approaches to target altered patterns of brain activity, promote re-ownership of the limb, and/or attenuate stress and negativity associated with the altered body representation.

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Section: A New Generation Of Research Into Bid Treatment Using Neurofeedback/brain–computer Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Could Brain–Computer Interface Be a New Therapeutic Approach for Body Integrity Dysphoria?

Chakraborty

Saetta

Simon

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…Understanding these alterations can be useful to propose rehabilitation modalities to restore movements. In this way, hand movements appear to be an interesting source of study due to motor and sensorial representations in the cerebral cortex [4]. Moreover, studies found changes in neural networks in primary somatosensory cortex and primary motor areas (M1) when individuals were subjected limited movements [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand immobilization causes changes in cortical areas: qEEG alfa band absolute power study

Machado

Bastos²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2015

Int Arch Med

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Hand immobilization has been associated with changes in neural networks of primary somatosensory cortex and primary motor areas. Electrophysiologically, alpha band absolute power may indicate how cerebral cortex processes information. This study aimed to analyze changes in alpha band absolute power on frontal, central, parietal and occipital derivations when hand-movement of subjects was restricted for 48 hours. Fifteen healthy volunteers (20 to 30 years old), were recorded using electroencephalography (qEEG), while exposition to visual stimulus linked to a motor task before and after hand immobilization. Statistical analysis revealed that hand immobilization caused changes in frontal, central and parietal areas of cerebral cortex. In summary, after hand immobilization alpha band absolute power increased in these areas, revealing a lower activation. Contrarily, at C4 there was a decreased alpha band absolute power correlated to more activation. These findings can be due adaptive plasticity to supply less activation at C3, considering the inactivity of right hand due to the immobilization. Further studies are needed to better understand the complex processes involved in this type of task.

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Origins of Phantom Limb Pain

Kuffler

2017

Mol Neurobiol

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Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a chronic neuropathic pain occurring in 45-85% of patients who undergo major amputations of the upper and lower extremities. Chronic pain is physically and mentally debilitating, affecting an individual's potential for self-care and the performance of daily living activities essential for personal and economic independence. In addition, chronic pain may lead to depression and feelings of hopelessness. A National Center for Biotechnology Information study found that in the USA alone, the annual cost of dealing with neuropathic pain is more than $600 billion, with an estimated 20 million people in the USA suffering this condition. PLP manifest predominantly during two time frames post-amputation: during days to a month and again at around 1 year. In most patients, the frequency and intensity of the chronic neuropathic pain diminish over time, but severe pain persists in about 5-10% of patients. The development and maintenance of neuropathic pain is attributed to extremity amputations causing changes in peripheral axon properties and neuronal circuitry in both the peripheral and central nervous systems: peripheral axons, dorsal root ganglia, the spinal cord, and the cortex. However, it is not clear how the changes in neuronal properties in these different locations affect neuropathic pain. Is pain initiated by one set of post-amputation changes while the pain is maintained by another set of changes? If one set of amputation-induced changes, such as those of peripheral axons, are reverted to normal, is the chronic pain reduced or eliminated, while reversing another set of neuronal changes and neuronal circuits to normal do not reduce or eliminate the pain? Or, must all the amputation-induced changes be reverted to normal for pain to be eliminated? While this review examines the mechanisms underlying the induction or maintenance of PLP, it is beyond its scope to examine the mechanisms that may permanently reduce or eliminate neuropathic pain. This paper is the first of two reviews in this journal and deals with the causes of chronic PLP development and maintenance, while the second review examines potential mechanisms that may be responsible for promoting the capacity to coping with PLP by reducing or eliminating it.

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Primary somatosensory cortex hand representation dynamically modulated by motor output

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Could Brain–Computer Interface Be a New Therapeutic Approach for Body Integrity Dysphoria?

Could Brain–Computer Interface Be a New Therapeutic Approach for Body Integrity Dysphoria?

Hand immobilization causes changes in cortical areas: qEEG alfa band absolute power study

Origins of Phantom Limb Pain

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