Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder - Mini-review of the Literature

Abstract

Primary small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder is a rare but aggressive disease with poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. It accounts for less than 1 % of all the primary cancers seen in the urinary bladder. Diagnosis and management of this entity poses a challenge to the clinician due to the lack of a standardized protocol for its treatment. Herein we discuss primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in its entirety.

Small Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder: Analysis from a Tertiary Cancer Care Center of India

“…[7,8] Our results are similar to existing literature in relation to stage of presentation, site of metastasis, and proportion of cases with brain metastasis. [4,7,9] None of the patients had brain metastasis at presentation; while one (5.26%) developed brain metastasis on follow-up. Two of our patients received PCI even though its role on preventing brain metastasis not well defined.…”

“…Pertaining to the same disease, there are few retrospective single institute series or case reports across the globe. [1][2][3][4] The World Health Organization proposed the revised classification of neuroendocrine tumors in 2016. The recent improvement in understanding of molecular pathology and disease behavior might help in treatment innovations and eventually translate into better survival.…”

“…[5] The age of presentation, gender distribution, and association with smoking in our study were in alignment with the reported literature. [1][2][3][4] The survival outcomes of the patients in relation to pure or mixed histology is reported variably as prognostic factor of outcome in existing literature. We did not find its role as a prognostic variable as shown by few series.…”

Combined T2 SPAIR, Dynamic Enhancement and DW Imaging Reliably Detect T Staging and Grading of Bladder Cancer With 3.0T MRI

“…To evaluate the performance and agreement of the two reviewers at identifying bladder tumors the reviewers were requested to classify the cancer into the following two categories (invasive or non-invasive cancer) and subcategories in accordance with the 2009 TNM system of the International Union Against Cancer ( 7 ): non-invasive cancer (Tis; Ta; T1) and invasive cancer (T2; T3; T4) ( Table 2 ). The staging standard used was similar to the T2 weighted images ( 9 , 10 ) and contrast-enhanced images ( 11 ), and we defined a new standard for DW images, two image types or three image types combined in this study. Because of the difference in the recurrence and progression rates regarding Ta- and T1-stage cancer ( 6 ), the cancer size and cancer histological grade were also evaluated.…”