Primary silica precipitate at the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary in the South Oman Salt Basin, Sultanate of Oman

Ramseyer, Karl; Amthor, Joachim E.; Matter, Albert; Pettke, Thomas; Wille, Martin; Fallick, Anthony E.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.08.006

Cited by 58 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Thus, limited accumulation of biosiliceous particles and clay minerals, which would dissolve and promote early diagenetic silica precipitation (Maliva et al 1989), cannot reasonably account for the extensive deposition of bedded chert on the shelf and in the basin and the source of high silica influx. Furthermore, hydrogenous origin of primary silica precipitation is caused generally by evaporative processes as a principal role in concentrating and depositing silica (Maliva et al 2005), or evaporite dissolution that would reduce the solubility of amorphous silica in brinefilled seawater (Ramseyer et al 2013). This scenario is not supported because the Yurtus bedded chert was deposited in a marine shelf environment.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the E-C boundary successions, siliceous sedimentary rocks (bedded chert and phosphatic chert) are widely distributed around the world, including those in the Yangtze block, south China (Guo et al 2007;Chang et al 2009Chang et al , 2012Chen et al 2009;Feng et al 2012;Wang et al 2012a); the Tarim block, Northwest China (Yang et al 2006;Yu et al 2009); Lesser Himalaya, India (Mazumdar et al 1999); Oman (Ramseyer et al 2013); Lesser Karatau, Kazakhstan (Litvinova 2007); and Taoudeni cratonic basin, West Africa (Flicoteaux and Trompette 1998). These sediments were deposited in a short time interval (about 550-520 Ma) in peritidal to basinal environments; the widespread spatial distribution of these primary silica precipitates points to abnormally silica-rich seawater ), likely due to excessive silica fluxes into the ocean (Yool and Tyrrell 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mechanisms responsible for such a high silica flux and extensive submarine silica precipitation are debated. Hydrothermal activity Yu et al 2009;Feng et al 2012;Wang et al 2012a;Fan et al 2013) as well as biogenic (Guo et al 2007) and hydrogenic origins (Chang et al 2009(Chang et al , 2012Ramseyer et al 2013) have been proposed as potential causes. In recent years, increasing pieces of sedimentological and geochemical evidence, particularly from the Yangtze block, South China, have suggested that silica fluxes from extensive submarine hydrothermal activities played an important role in the unusual silica deposition (Lott et al 1999;Chen et al 2009;Feng et al 2012;Wang et al 2012a;Fan et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Submarine silica-rich hydrothermal activity during the earliest Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Zhou

Chen

Qing

et al. 2014

International Geology Review

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Siliceous rocks were widely deposited in many continents during the Ediacaran-Cambrian (E-C) transition. Based on detailed field investigations in the Aksu area of the Tarim Basin in Northwest China, this study presents evidence of a submarine silica-rich hydrothermal system preserved in the E-C boundary successions. This system consists of a lower stockwork silica-dominant vein swarm zone in the karstified dolostone of the uppermost Ediacaran Qigebulake Formation, which terminates directly under the overlying bedded chert and black shale succession of the lowermost Cambrian Yurtus Formation. The stockwork vein swarms were filled dominantly by a wide spectrum of silica precipitates (amorphous silica, chalcedony, spherulite, fine to coarse quartz) with subordinate pyrite, Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide, and barite. The host dolostones that were dissected by the vein swarms also suffered extensive silicification and recrystallization. The vertical stacking relationship of silica-dominant vein swarms and overlying bedded chert suggests they were formed by an identical lowtemperature, silica-rich diffusive submarine hydrothermal system in the earliest Cambrian. This suggestion is further supported by fluid inclusion microthermometry (T h 40-200°C) of the quartz-barite vein fills. In this case, silica-rich hydrothermal fluids were channelled and precipitated partially along the stockwork veins in the antecedent karstified dolostone and vented mostly into seawater, promoting widespread deposition of bedded chert on the seafloor of Tarim Basin in the earliest Cambrian. This study provides a useful clue and analogue to understand the widespread silica deposition and coeval vast oceanic and geochemical changes during the E-C transition in the Tarim Basin and elsewhere.

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Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Submarine silica-rich hydrothermal activity during the earliest Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Zhou

Chen

Qing

et al. 2014

International Geology Review

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“…Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org Robert and Chaussidon (2006), van den Boorn et al (2007van den Boorn et al ( , 2010, Steinhoefel et al (2009Steinhoefel et al ( , 2010, Abraham et al (2011), Heck et al (2011), Chakrabarti et al (2012, Delvigne (2012), Marin-Carbonne et al (2014), Hu et al (2013), Ramseyer et al (2013), Geilert et al (2014), Li et al (2014), Brengman (2015, Stefurak et al (2015), Delvigne et al (2012), Wen et al (2016), and Ding et al (2017).…”

Section: Changing Si Biogeochemistry In the Precambrian Oceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosilicification Drives a Decline of Dissolved Si in the Oceans through Geologic Time

et al. 2017

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Biosilicification has driven variation in the global Si cycle over geologic time. The evolution of different eukaryotic lineages that convert dissolved Si (DSi) into mineralized structures (higher plants, siliceous sponges, radiolarians, and diatoms) has driven a secular decrease in DSi in the global ocean leading to the low DSi concentrations seen today. Recent studies, however, have questioned the timing previously proposed for the DSi decreases and the concentration changes through deep time, which would have major implications for the cycling of carbon and other key nutrients in the ocean. Here, we combine relevant genomic data with geological data and present new hypotheses regarding the impact of the evolution of biosilicifying organisms on the DSi inventory of the oceans throughout deep time. Although there is no fossil evidence for true silica biomineralization until the late Precambrian, the timing of the evolution of silica transporter genes suggests that bacterial silicon-related metabolism has been present in the oceans since the Archean with eukaryotic silicon metabolism already occurring in the Neoproterozoic. We hypothesize that biological processes have influenced oceanic DSi concentrations since the beginning of oxygenic photosynthesis.

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“…Compositionally, this unit contains > 60 wt% SiO 2 and < 8 wt% CaO. We thus compare the Hormuz Island bitumen layer to the silicilyte layer of the South Oman Salt Basin (Ramseyer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply to comment on “Geochronology and geochemistry of rhyolites from Hormuz Island, southern Iran: A new Cadomian arc magmatism in the Hormuz Formation” by Atapour, H. and Aftabi, A

Faramarzi

Amini

Borg

et al. 2017

Lithos

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Primary silica precipitate at the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary in the South Oman Salt Basin, Sultanate of Oman

Cited by 58 publications

References 69 publications

Submarine silica-rich hydrothermal activity during the earliest Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Submarine silica-rich hydrothermal activity during the earliest Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Biosilicification Drives a Decline of Dissolved Si in the Oceans through Geologic Time

Reply to comment on “Geochronology and geochemistry of rhyolites from Hormuz Island, southern Iran: A new Cadomian arc magmatism in the Hormuz Formation” by Atapour, H. and Aftabi, A

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