Primary, secondary and compensated male biochemical hypogonadism in people living with HIV (PLWH): relevance of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) measurement and comparison between liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and chemiluminescent immunoassay for sex steroids assay

Determinants of sexual function in men living with HIV younger than 50 years old: Focus on organic, relational, and psychological issues

“…This is in line with previous studies obtained by us 15,27 and by other research groups 18,51 . Differently from HIV‐uninfected patients where serum testosterone is almost constantly related to EF, 25,26 the lack of interrelationship between ED and androgen status seems to be a peculiar hallmark of ED in MLWH, notwithstanding the increased prevalence of hypogonadism in these patients 27–31,61 . Sexual desire, a well‐known androgen‐dependent issue was not associated with both serum TT and cFT in this study, thus reinforcing the role of the psychological component in MLWH since SD is also strongly dependent on the psychological status 8 .…”

“…29 This is also the case for hypogonadism which is highly prevalent in MLWH. 27,28,30,31,61,42,62 Anyhow, when deepening the association between sex steroids and ED, both serum TT and cFT did not differ between MLWH with and without ED and they did not correlate with all IIEF-15 EF scores, except for patients identified as having an organic component of ED at SIEDY. Besides, ED prevalence did not change between eugonadal and hypogonadal MLWH.…”

“…This means that MLWH patients affected by ED/reduced morning erections presented more vulnerability and health deficits in terms of the sum of classical risk factors, 10,60 but each of them has a minor role when taken alone in comparison to other non‐quantifiable factors that are mainly related to ED in MLWH 29 . This is also the case for hypogonadism which is highly prevalent in MLWH 27,28,30,31,61,42,62 . Anyhow, when deepening the association between sex steroids and ED, both serum TT and cFT did not differ between MLWH with and without ED and they did not correlate with all IIEF‐15 EF scores, except for patients identified as having an organic component of ED at SIEDY.…”

“…From a physiological perspective, erectile function (EF), SD, and morning erections are androgen‐dependent, 8,24 the latter two being strongly dependent on circulating testosterone 24–26 . Differently from HIV‐uninfected men, the EF does not associate with serum testosterone in MLWH in several retrospective studies, while the association remains for SD even though weaker than expected 27–31 …”

Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay strategies based on a hexagonal Ru-MOF and MoS2@GO nanosheets: detection of 5-fluorouracil in serum samples

“…[10][11][12] Immunoassay is a powerful analytical method based on highly specific responses between antigen and antibody, which form the basis of radioimmunoassay (RIA). 13,14 Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) is an emerging analytical method, which organically combines electrochemiluminescence and immunoassay. With the advantages of high selectivity, high sensitivity, simple setup, low background signal, no radioactive or toxic labels, wide detection concentration and low detection concentration, [15][16][17][18] this analytical method has attracted much attention in recent years.…”