Families in Flats-Fanning %fMIA JOURAIf lats and the other in houses. It was found that the morbidity of those families who lived in flats was 57% greater than of those who lived in houses, and that the greatest differences were seen in the incidence of respiratory infections in young women and children, and of psychoneurotic disorders in women.The reasons for the differences in respiratory infections were felt to be the relatively small space available in a flat compared with that in a house, and confinement of the family within the flat. This confinement, and the resulting social isolation, were thought to be the reasons for the increase in psychoneuroses in the women.The families concerned had had a double social disturbance in that their family ties had been severed and they were also subject to the restricting environment of life in a flat, and it is suggested that in view of the large number of flats which are being built, and the tendency towards family mobility, further investigation is needed into the effects of flat life on Y., 1967, 4, 386-390 Hypersecretion of gastrin by an islet cell tumour of the pancreas is believed to be the cause of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (Zollinger and Ellison, 1955; Gregory, Tracy, French, and Sircus, 1960). Patients with this condition have extreme gastric hypersecretion and peptic ulceration. In one case described by Lawrie, Williamson, and Hunt (1962) there was also very rapid gastric emptying. This feature seemed to be explained when Smith and Hogg (1966) found that injected gastrin stimulated gastric motility as judged by measurements of intraluminaf pressure. We therefore expected that an increase in the rate of gastric emptying would result from intravenous infusion of gastrin, but this was not so.
ProcedureThe plan of the experiments is set out in Fig. 1. Three test meals were given in succession with a 10-minute interval between them. For the 10 minutes before and during the second meal a continuous intravenous infusion of gastrin was given. The stomach was washed out with 250 ml. of water before each meal in order to remove any residual secretion.Each of the three tests of gastric emptying, which lasted 10 minutes, was separated from the subsequent test by 10 minutes.The meals consisted of 750 ml. of 100 mN sodium citrate containing 30 ml. of a saturated solution of phenol red per litre as marker. They were instilled down a tube into the stomach in about 75' seconds. This meal was chosen because it empties very rapidly; also it is buffered by the presence of the citrate ion, so minimizing the possible slowing action of secreted acid. Immediately after recovery of the first meal injection of gastrin into the running intravenous infusion was begmn and continued for 20 minutes. Hog gastrin II was used in doses ranging from 0.125 to 3 Ixg./min.The recovered gastric contents were analysed according to the method of Hunt (1954Hunt ( , 1959