Primary pediatric brain tumors

Abstract

MR‐guided transrectal prostate biopsy is currently a time‐consuming procedure because the imaging slice is often manually realigned with the biopsy needle during lesion targeting. In this work a pulse sequence is presented that automatically follows a passive marker attached to a dedicated MR biopsy device holder, thus providing an alternative to existing active tracking methods. In two orthogonal tracking FLASH images of the marker the position of the needle axis is automatically identified using a phase‐only cross‐correlation (POCC) algorithm. The position information is then used to realign a trueFISP imaging slice in real time. In phantom experiments the sensitivity of this technique to initial misalignments of the marker and to the signal‐to‐noise ratio was evaluated. In several puncture experiments the precision of the needle placement was analyzed. The POCC algorithm allowed for a precise identification of the marker in the images even under severe initial misalignments of up to 45°. At a frame rate 1 image/s a precision of the needle placement of 1.5 ± 1.1 mm could be achieved. Magn Reson Med 59:1043–1050, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Epidemiology of Nervous System Tumors in Children: A Survey of 1,485 Cases in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2001 to 2005

“…Most of the investigations have stated that craniopharyngiomas rank next to medulloblastomas in their incidence rate [3,4,5, 10,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. However, in our study, craniopharyngiomas made up approximately 18.4% of brain tumors only after astrocytic tumors.…”

“…Our results indicate that more than half of this tumor type occurred in the 6- to 11-year age group where the highest incidence of high-grade brain tumors of neuroepithelial tissue was observed, but was uncommon in the early and late childhood period. The largest group of primary intracranial GCTs was reported in Japan, Taiwan and far eastern countries with an incidence of 10–14% of the brain tumors [14, 20, 24, 27]. In our analysis, GCTs were most common in the 12- to 14-year age group; in the 9- to 17-year age groups, they comprised 78.6% of all GCT cases.…”

“…In different epidemiological investigations, the upper age limit of childhood varied from 14 to 17 years [3,4,5,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and even to 21 years [2]; therefore, there may be statistical variation. For a detailed comparison with minor bias, we analyzed the data for the 0–14 and 0–17 age group separately.…”

Incidence and long‐term outcome of postradiotherapy moyamoya syndrome in pediatric patients with primary brain tumors: a single institute experience in Taiwan

“…With 100–150 new cases each year in Taiwan, more than 986 cases were treated in TVGH from 1975 to May 2004 19. All patients were treated and followed by the same team, comprised of pediatric neurosurgeons, pathologists, neuroradiologists, pediatric neuro‐oncologists, and radiation oncologists.…”

Histological types of the primary intracranial tumors among children in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

“…This slight prevalence of males over females reflects the gender distribution of the population at risk, the same was found in a Kuwaiti study [13], where male slight preponderance was reported. In another study [14], where the male-tofemale ratio was 1:3, indicated that the pediatric brain tumors were more prevalent in males than in females and other studies found that too [1,15,18].…”