Primary paraganglioma of the thyroid gland

Corrado, Stefania; Montanini, V.; Gaetani, C. De; Borghi, Francesca; Papi, Giampaolo

doi:10.1007/bf03347525

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The literature provides good evidence that extensive surgical resection can achieve a long disease-free interval (5,7,10,11). Although irradiation has been demonstrated to be effective for enlarging and symptomatic paragangliomas (12,13), an indication for primary radiotherapy is established rarely, and only if a surgical procedure is likely to involve a high risk of damage to several vessels and nerves (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary thyroid paraganglioma mimicking medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case report

Xing

Wang

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Primary thyroid paraganglioma (TP) is an uncommon tumor, and in rare cases, this disease tends to mimic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The present study reports a rare case of primary TP mimicking thyroid carcinoma, accompanied by hyperthyroidism. A 30-year-old female presented with an anterior cervical mass. Pre-operative radiological studies and operative frozen section analysis indicated an atypical MTC. Primary TP was finally diagnosed by pathology and immunohistochemical staining. Laboratory examinations (thyroid hormones tests) and Tc99m emission computed tomography revealed hyperthyroidism. Gene analysis of TP-associated gene mutations was negative. Surgical resection was performed as a curative approach and there is currently no metastasis after 36 months of follow-up. Surgeons must be aware of this disease in order to ensure a correct diagnosis and to prevent them from performing unnecessary procedures. The current study presents a case of primary TP mimicking MTC, discusses the radiographic results and histological characteristics, and provides a review of the associated literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary thyroid paraganglioma mimicking medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case report

Xing

Wang

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

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“…Most tumors were confined within the thyroid capsule. However, in 10 cases the tumors showed extrathyroid invasion, extending into the adjacent organs of trachea, subglottic larynx, esophagus and mediastinum, or involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve [2,7,9,12,13,[17][18][19][20]. In the latter instance, resection of the tumor was very difficult which might result in temporary vocal cord paralysis [2,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positivity of epithelial markers and lack of S100 positive sustentacular cells also facilitate the differential diagnosis. Occasionally, rare cases of MTC may be negative for calcitonin [13], and paraganglioma may be positive for calcitonin or cytokeration [7], which might make the distinguishing problematic. Indeed, without the preoperative presentation of elevated calcitonin and CEA levels, the case termed as paraganglioma-like MTC by Bockhorn et al [14] is almost indistinguishable from a paragangolioma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Paraganglioma of Thyroid Gland: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Three Cases with a Review of the Literature

Wei

Wang

2013

Head and Neck Pathol

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Thyroid paraganglioma is an extremely rare tumor and frequently mistaken for other thyroid neoplasms. Increased awareness of its potential presentation in thyroid and its characteristic features is essential for avoiding diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls. We describe here three additional cases of primary thyroid paraganglioma and analyze their clinical findings and pathological characteristics. Patients included two women and one man presenting with asymptomatic thyroid nodules. Radiological examinations were nonspecific and none had been diagnosed correctly before surgery. On intraoperative frozen section consultation they were all misdiagnosed as carcinomas, either primary or metastatic. However, the permanent sections showed features consistent with paraganglioma. Of note, two cases displayed extension into adjacent thyroid tissues, one of which exhibited increased mitotic activity, confluent tumor necrosis and vascular invasion. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic chief cells expressed chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase and CD56, whereas the sustentacular cells were highlighted by S100 protein. All three patients were well with normal hormone secretion, without local recurrence or distant metastasis at last follow-up (range 10-47 months). We further reviewed the literature to summarize the characteristics of this distinctive entity. Albeit being very rare, paraganglioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypervascular thyroidal neoplasms. Accurate diagnosis relies on the histopathogical findings and adjunctive immunohistochemcial studies. To date, all the reported cases have pursued a benign course. Although atypical features seem to have no association with clinical behavior, long time postoperative surveillance with biochemical screening of hormone secretion, cervical ultrasonography and whole-body CT scan is recommended.

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“…Among the disorders most easily mistaken for cervical PGLs, particularly those arising within larynx or thyroid, are neuroendocrine carcinomas, such as atypical carcinoids and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Another disorder that may be confused with PGLs is hyalinizing trabecular adenoma, a benign thyroid neoplasm showing a prominent nesting pattern resembling a PGL [14,16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another disorder that may be confused with PGLs is hyalinizing trabecular adenoma, a benign thyroid neoplasm showing a prominent nesting pattern resembling a PGL [14,16,17]. This rare entity is usually negative for chromogranin and positive for Tg and cytokeratins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carotid Body Tumor Mimicking a Thyroid Nodule

Baser

2014

J Med Cases

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Paragangliomas (PGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors arising from the extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue of the autonomic nervous system. They are most frequently found in the head and neck, mainly associated with the carotid body, vagus nerve, jugulotympanic paraganglia, and occasionaly, the superior-inferior paraganglia. Paragangliomas are rarely encountered in thyroid as well, and thyroid paragangliomas can be misinterpreted as medullary thyroid carcinomas. However, cases of paragangliomas mimicking thyroid nodules were also reported in literature rarely. In this article, we reported a case first giving an impression of a thyroid nodule, then suggesting the likelihood of a medullary thyroid carcinoma or intrathyroidal paraganglioma via core needle biopsy, but finally was diagnosed as a carotid body tumor.

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Primary paraganglioma of the thyroid gland

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Primary thyroid paraganglioma mimicking medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case report

Primary thyroid paraganglioma mimicking medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case report

Primary Paraganglioma of Thyroid Gland: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Three Cases with a Review of the Literature

A Carotid Body Tumor Mimicking a Thyroid Nodule

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