Primary osteosarcoma of the thyroid gland – a

Abstract

A rare localization of primary osteosarcoma is presented. A woman aged 76 years was operated on for rapid growth of thyroid right lobe tumour. Histopathology showed anaplastic cancer with numerous foci of osseous metaplasia, negative with thyroglobulin, calcitonin, synaptophysin and chromogranin. A high proliferative activity of the tumour was observed (MIB-1 reaction) in the form of a positive reaction in approx. 40% of the tumour cell nuclei. The tumour stage was evaluated as pT4aNxMx according to the TNM scale. The reconsultation revealed negative staining with cytokeratin, and positive with vimentin, thereby confirming the mesenchymal origin of the tumour, with the final diagnosis being primary thyroid osteosarcoma. Taking into consideration the histopathological diagnosis, the extremely low radiation sensitivity of the tumour, the patient's age, the radical surgical treatment and persisting respiratory failure, radiotherapy was rejected in favour of further follow-up. The patient remains under oncological and endocrinological care.

KMT2C mutation is a diagnostic molecular marker for primary thyroid osteosarcoma: A case report and literature review

“…Osteosarcoma occurs most commonly in the long bones of teenagers and young adults. The extraosseous form of osteosarcoma accounts for less than 5% of all osteosarcomas, especially in the malignant non-epithelial neoplasms of the thyroid and has been reported in only several cases (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Clinically, primary osteosarcoma of the thyroid presents as an aggressive, rapidly growing thyroid mass with a poor prognosis (4).…”

“…The age distribution ranges from 40 to 82 years, which is an older group considering the conventional osteosarcoma. This tumor is characterized by fast growth with pressure-related symptoms of dyspnea and is highly aggressive with invading the surrounding tissue ( 3 ). Radical thyroidectomy was performed, combined with postoperative local radiotherapy and/or systemic chemotherapy, for the highly malignant and local recurrence rate.…”

Primary Exophytic Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma of the Liver: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…5 Though ESOS most commonly affects legs and hips, there are case reports of it occurring in the thyroid, kidney, gallbladder, bladder, breast, uterus, and lung. 2,[6][7][8][9][10][11] However, it is not clear where osteosarcoma stem cell comes from either in bone or in extraskeletal cases and the pathogenesis is still under research. There are studies indicating that trauma and exposure to radiation may be the main risk factors for ESOS.…”

Metastatic Thyroid Osteosarcoma With Concomitant Multifocal Papillary Carcinoma Presenting as a Collision Tumor

“…The histologic differential diagnosis of metastatic osteosarcoma in the first place includes primary osteosarcoma of the thyroid and anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid with extensive osseous metaplasia; medullary thyroid carcinoma, sarcomatoid poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation, and synovial sarcoma [ 10 ] may also be considered in case of lack of osteoid production. In our case, a history of a twice previously diagnosed osteosarcoma (both in its primary and in a pulmonary metastasis), the similar histological and immunohistochemical findings of the metastatic lung and thyroid tumors, and the lack of histological continuity of the three foci of papillary thyroid carcinoma with the sarcomatous tumor (excluding the diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation) were essential in establishing the correct diagnosis.…”