Primary organic gas emissions in vehicle cold start events: Rates, compositions and temperature effects

Zhang, Zhining; Man, Hanyang; Zhao, Junchao; Jiang, Yuheng; Zeng, Meiqin; Cai, Zhitao; Huang, Cheng; Huang, Wendong; Zhao, Hongbin; Jing, Shengao; Xu, Shengyuan; He, Kebin; Liu, Huan

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128979

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The emissions of light unsaturated hydrocarbons (e.g., ethylene, acetylene, and propylene) from mobile sources were attributable to the radical reaction triggered by liquid fuel combustion, similar to that for solid fuel burning. However, the highly volatile components evaporated from fuels during their burning processes can contribute markers for their VOC source profiles (Liu et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2022). Thus, the fuel type is one of the key factors to determine VOC source profiles, including vehicles and solid fuels (Hong‐Li et al., 2017; Huang, Hu, Wang, et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources

Liu

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from anthropogenic sources are critical precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and potential contributors to health risks. However, quantitatively estimating the impact of these source‐derived VOCs on air quality and health is limited by their diverse chemical compositions, resulting in nonselective mass‐based VOC control strategies. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive study of typical VOC samples freshly emitted from various flue gases via field‐based measurements and chemical analysis under the same quality control. Our results showed that different source‐specific VOC profiles have unequal sensitivities to chemical reactivity on ozone and SOA formation potential, as well as potential health risks. Mobile sources and residential solid fuel burning were identified as the most sensitive sources of potential secondary pollutants and potential inhalation health risks, respectively. Despite accounting for only 22.7% of the total mass, residential VOCs contributed significantly to both inhalation non‐cancer risk (NCR) (57.4%) and cancer risk (CR) (47.3%). The large inequality between residential VOC emissions and their health risks highlights the necessity of continuously promoting the transition from mass‐based VOC control to effect‐oriented VOC control. This suggests that mobile sources is worth more attention for secondary pollutant formation, while residential solid fuel burning sources should receive more policy priority to reduce health risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources

Liu

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Analytical methods, including chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, are often used to measure exhaust emissions in scientific research. Those methods include the popular gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), − UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and spectroscopy combined with remote sensing technology . They are used not only for identification of standardized compounds, including particulate matter, but also for the identification of compounds from the VOC and PAH groups.…”

Section: Exhaust Emission Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Actual Toxicity of Engine Exhaust Gases Emitted from Vehicles: The Development and Perspectives of Biological and Chemical Measurement Methods

Kęska

2023

ACS Omega

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Most of the current studies on vehicle engine exhaust emissions are focused on qualitative and quantitative measurements. Approval tests for admitting vehicles to traffic and tests performed at vehicle inspection stations are limited to measuring the concentrations of individual compounds or selected groups of compounds. For vehicles with compression-ignition engines, the annual emission control comprises only an exhaust gas opacity test, performed with an opacimeter. This approach does not consider very harmful groups of compounds that determine the toxicity of exhaust gases but are not directly covered by the emission standards, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. Also, it does not provide a clear answer to the question of the actual toxicity of exhaust gases, understood as the harmful effect that a given substance causes on living organisms or biological processes. Studies on the actual toxicity of engine exhaust gases present a new area of interest, increasingly more discussed but still not approached in a comprehensive way. The studies include experiments using in vitro biological methods and chemical analyses of gas mixtures. In this Review, I present an overview of current research and a critical comparison of commonly used methods of testing engine exhaust emissions and methods that might supplement them in a significant manner. The development of in vitro biological methods, including methods of microscopic analysis of cells in the assessment of exhaust gas toxicity, provides an innovative approach to the problem of air pollution. This type of research presents the opportunity to indisputably answer the question of the actual toxicity of a given gas mixture and to make a new contribution to science in the field of molecular biology. Current data show that the survival of cells exposed to engine exhaust emissions from older generation vehicles is higher compared to that of newer generation vehicles.

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“…Previous studies have primarily calculated IVOC emissions based on IVOCs to POAs (primary organic aerosols) or NMOCs ratios. − This method is prone to significant uncertainties due to the lack of knowledge of chemical compositions of IVOCs emissions from major sources, ,, which can be improved from field measurements of IVOCs emissions. Existing studies on IVOCs emissions predominantly focused on vehicle emissions in urban areas − and solid fuel combustion in plain regions. ,− For example, Wang et al estimated the total emissions of IVOCs from on-road vehicles in China to be 241.2 Gg in 2019 and underscored the significance of adopting localized emission factors in emission estimates. Qian et al reported that residential solid fuel combustion emerged as a predominant source of IVOC emissions in rural China, totaling 175.9 Gg in 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds from Animal Dung and Coal Combustion and Its Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

He,

Shen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Primary organic gas emissions in vehicle cold start events: Rates, compositions and temperature effects

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources

Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources

The Actual Toxicity of Engine Exhaust Gases Emitted from Vehicles: The Development and Perspectives of Biological and Chemical Measurement Methods

Emission of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds from Animal Dung and Coal Combustion and Its Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

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