Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the mediastinum: review of current criteria for histopathologic diagnosis and classification

Moran, César A.

doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2006.02.007

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[35][36][37][38] In addition, we demonstrated that thymic carcinoids, also known as welldifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, usually bear high risks for recurrence, metastasis, and tumor-associated death, and patients with thymic carcinoids have a worse prognosis compared with bronchial carcinoids. [39][40][41][42][43][44] Surgery is the key factor that influences prognosis in patients with thymic carcinoids (P 5 .007). When surgical treatment was permissible, the survival rates for patients with regional and localized thymic carcinoids did not differ significantly.…”

Section: Metastases and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our data, in combination with data from other studies, suggest that the size and location of primary tumors, the extent of disease (localized, regional, or distant metastatic), the feasibility of complete resection, the MIB-1 proliferating index, p53 expression, and the presence of carcinoid symptoms all are important prognostic factors. [2][3][4][5][6][7][14][15][16]18,19,[34][35][36][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] …”

Section: Metastases and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A 35‐year retrospective study of carcinoid tumors in Taiwan

Hsu

Li³

et al. 2007

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) represent useful models for studying multiple myeloma precursor disease, and for developing early intervention strategies. Administering a 4g dose of curcumin, we performed a randomised, double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over study, followed by an open‐label extension study using an 8g dose to assess the effect of curcumin on FLC response and bone turnover in patients with MGUS and SMM. 36 patients (19 MGUS and 17 SMM) were randomised into two groups: one received 4g curcumin and the other 4g placebo, crossing over at 3 months. At completion of the 4g arm, all patients were given the option of entering an open‐label, 8g dose extension study. Blood and urine samples were collected at specified intervals for specific marker analyses. Group values are expressed as mean ± 1 SD. Data from different time intervals within groups were compared using Student's paired t‐test. 25 patients completed the 4g cross‐over study and 18 the 8g extension study. Curcumin therapy decreased the free light‐chain ratio (rFLC), reduced the difference between clonal and nonclonal light‐chain (dFLC) and involved free light‐chain (iFLC). uDPYD, a marker of bone resorption, decreased in the curcumin arm and increased on the placebo arm. Serum creatinine levels tended to diminish on curcumin therapy. These findings suggest that curcumin might have the potential to slow the disease process in patients with MGUS and SMM. Am. J. Hematol. 87:455–460, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Metastases and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metastases and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 35‐year retrospective study of carcinoid tumors in Taiwan

Hsu

Li³

et al. 2007

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In their study, 10 of 11 patients with high-grade (poorly differentiated) neuroendocrine carcinoma died of tumors during the follow-up. Later, Moran stated that the majority of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas that they have observed were of the SCC type and that whether the so-called LCNEC is a true entity in the mediastinum remains unclear [4]. The exact number of LCNEC cases included in their study was not provided, but it appears that the survival rate in their study was representative of SCC of the thymus and not of thymic LCNEC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Thymic large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a disease neglected in the ESMO guideline?

Shoji¹,

Fushimi²,

Takeda

et al. 2011

Annals of Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the thymus is a rare aggressive neoplasm. Its precise prognosis has not yet been determined. The recently published European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) clinical practice guidelines for neuroendocrine bronchial and thymic tumors [1] defined LCNEC and small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thymus as high-grade thymic carcinoids with a 5-year survival rate of <10%. However, the prognostic value of present classification of thymic lesions has not been proven [2].We reviewed 8 English papers including 13 thymic LCNEC cases. Subjects comprised seven males and six females with a median age of 55 years (range, 44-75 years). Median duration of follow-up was 26 months (range, 2-95 months). Seven patients were asymptomatic. Patients who underwent complete surgical resection were 11 and 2 underwent partial resection. One patient with Masaoka stage I disease, one with stage II, six with stage III, one with stage IVa, one with stage IVb, and three patients with undocumented disease. During follow-up, four patients died and seven experienced recurrence of disease. The survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis.The 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival of thymic LCNEC were 66% and 43%, respectively (Figure 1).Thus, our results of 5-year survival rates for thymic LCNEC are considerably different from those stipulated in the ESMO guideline. However, publication bias cannot be ruled out and our sample size was small. The ESMO guideline cited Moran's paper [3], which included the largest case series of thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma. In their study, 10 of 11 patients with high-grade (poorly differentiated) neuroendocrine carcinoma died of tumors during the follow-up. Later, Moran stated that the majority of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas that they have observed were of the SCC type and that whether the so-called LCNEC is a true entity in the mediastinum remains unclear [4]. The exact number of LCNEC cases included in their study was not provided, but it appears that the survival rate in their study was representative of SCC of the thymus and not of thymic LCNEC.Excess underestimation of the prognosis of thymic LCNEC could harm the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the definition of the prognosis of thymic LCNEC should be reconsidered in the next edition of the guideline.

show abstract

“…Considering all the above mentioned characteristics, including the absence of thymic tissue, this tumor could be defined as a primary NET of the mediastinum of intermediate grade (atypical carcinoid according to WHO 2015). The present case demonstrated the difficulties that could be encountered when applying the current criteria for classifying the NETs of the mediastinum (15). Mediastinal NETs are usually very aggressive but our patient demonstrates that even in case of locally advanced disease, multimodal treatment could reach a radical intent, with the possibility of a long-term survival.…”

Section: A B C Dmentioning

confidence: 72%