Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Pineal Gland With Extensive Meningeal Metastasis Detected by 18F-NOTATATE PET/CT

Deng, Yao; He, Limeng; Gao, Hanyan; Deng, Ying; Zhang, Wei

doi:10.1097/rlu.0000000000004368

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Surgical management of metastatic disease is a mainstay for this pathology, followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy [ 104 ]. Another case study identified a primary neuroendocrine tumor of the pineal gland with drop metastasis to the spine [ 105 ]. Choroid plexus carcinoma is a rare intraventricular neoplasm affecting children.…”

Section: Primary Central Nervous System Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptomeningeal Metastasis: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Methodology, and Therapeutic Landscape

Nguyen

Dada

et al. 2023

Current Oncology

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The present review aimed to establish an understanding of the pathophysiology of leptomeningeal disease as it relates to late-stage development among different cancer types. For our purposes, the focused metastatic malignancies include breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, primary central nervous system tumors, and hematologic cancers (lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma). Of note, our discussion was limited to cancer-specific leptomeningeal metastases secondary to the aforementioned primary cancers. LMD mechanisms secondary to non-cancerous pathologies, such as infection or inflammation of the leptomeningeal layer, were excluded from our scope of review. Furthermore, we intended to characterize general leptomeningeal disease, including the specific anatomical infiltration process/area, CSF dissemination, manifesting clinical symptoms in patients afflicted with the disease, detection mechanisms, imaging modalities, and treatment therapies (both preclinical and clinical). Of these parameters, leptomeningeal disease across different primary cancers shares several features. Pathophysiology regarding the development of CNS involvement within the mentioned cancer subtypes is similar in nature and progression of disease. Consequently, detection of leptomeningeal disease, regardless of cancer type, employs several of the same techniques. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in combination with varied imaging (CT, MRI, and PET-CT) has been noted in the current literature as the gold standard in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis. Treatment options for the disease are both varied and currently in development, given the rarity of these cases. Our review details the differences in leptomeningeal disease as they pertain through the lens of several different cancer subtypes in an effort to highlight the current state of targeted therapy, the potential shortcomings in treatment, and the direction of preclinical and clinical treatments in the future. As there is a lack of comprehensive reviews that seek to characterize leptomeningeal metastasis from various solid and hematologic cancers altogether, the authors intended to highlight not only the overlapping mechanisms but also the distinct patterning of disease detection and progression as a means to uniquely treat each metastasis type. The scarcity of LMD cases poses a barrier to more robust evaluations of this pathology. However, as treatments for primary cancers have improved over time, so has the incidence of LMD. The increase in diagnosed cases only represents a small fraction of LMD-afflicted patients. More often than not, LMD is determined upon autopsy. The motivation behind this review stems from the increased capacity to study LMD in spite of scarcity or poor patient prognosis. In vitro analysis of leptomeningeal cancer cells has allowed researchers to approach this disease at the level of cancer subtypes and markers. We ultimately hope to facilitate the clinical translation of LMD research through our discourse.

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Section: Primary Central Nervous System Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptomeningeal Metastasis: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Methodology, and Therapeutic Landscape

Nguyen

Dada

et al. 2023

Current Oncology

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“…The tumors exhibit a male predilection, with a ratio of nearly 3:1, and almost 90% of cases arise in the head and neck, particularly in the upper aerodigestive tract 1–8 . Various other sites for the presentence of solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas have been documented, 9 including gastrointestinal tract, 10,11 breast, 6 lung, 12 liver, 13 anterior mediastinum, 14 and retroperitoneum 15 . It should be noted that solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the penis, particularly the corpora cavernosa, is extremely rare 16 .…”

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confidence: 99%

18F-FDG PET/CT in Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Penis

Chen,

et al. 2024

Clin Nucl Med

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A 72-year-old man presented with a painless penile mass for 3 months. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed heterogeneous enhancement, whereas 18F-FDG PET/CT displayed inhomogeneous 18F-FDG accumulation in the lesion without other abnormal activity. The histopathological examination from biopsied specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a plasmacytoma. However, the subsequent tests, including serum/urine immunofixation electrophoresis, serum/urine free light chain assay, and bone marrow smear/biopsy, did not show any abnormalities. The conclusive diagnosis was a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the penis.

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“…Tragically, the patient’s clinical state rapidly deteriorated due to multiorgan failure, leading to death 26 days following admission. Plasma cell myeloma patients may display atypical myelomatous presentation 1–7 . Previous challenging cases with hematologic and solid malignancies were reported with hepatic superscan, 8–11 but no cases of coexisting hepatosplenic superscan in hematologic malignancies have been documented.…”

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confidence: 99%

18F-FDG PET/CT Unveils Coexistent Myelomatous Hepatosplenic and Thyroid Cartilage Involvement

Abdlkadir,

Almasri,

Estrada

et al. 2024

Clin Nucl Med

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Extramedullary myelomatous disease is an aggressive condition where clonal plasma cells proliferate outside the bone marrow, allowing independent survival. This state is generally associated with negative outcomes. A 65-year-old woman presented with progressive bilateral hypochondrial pain, was initially misattributed to an inflammatory etiology, and was consequently managed with corticosteroid therapy. A bone marrow biopsy was offered after further deterioration confirming plasma cell myeloma. Afterward, 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed medullary and extramedullary hepatosplenic and thyroid cartilage involvement, concluding an overall picture of an atypical and extensive extramedullary myelomatous disease.

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Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Pineal Gland With Extensive Meningeal Metastasis Detected by 18F-NOTATATE PET/CT

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Leptomeningeal Metastasis: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Methodology, and Therapeutic Landscape

Leptomeningeal Metastasis: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Methodology, and Therapeutic Landscape

18F-FDG PET/CT in Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Penis

18F-FDG PET/CT Unveils Coexistent Myelomatous Hepatosplenic and Thyroid Cartilage Involvement

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