Primary motor cortex activity is elevated with incremental exercise intensity

Brümmer, Vera; Schneider, Stefan; Strüder, Heiko K.; Askew, Christopher D.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.006

Cited by 83 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These findings confirm the results of Brümmer et al [21], who recorded EEG during an incremental exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. This can be interpreted as acute demand on the whole organism and the central nervous regulatory mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This off-line control made sure that only artifact-free EEG segments were included into the analysis. Based on the edited markers, signals were segmented into 4s-data-sets with a corrected baseline [21] in the last minute of each measuring time point. Of every subject and measurement time point five artifact-free segments were analyzed and averaged using a Fast-FourierTransformation (maximum resolution, power in µV 2 , use of full spectrum, Hanning window, window length: 20 %).…”

Section: Eeg Recordings and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical Brain Activity is Influenced by Cadence in Cyclists

Hottenrott

Taubert

Gronwald

2013

TOSSJ

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Abstract:The importance of the central nervous system in endurance exercise has not yet been exhaustively investigated because of difficulties in measuring cortical parameters in sport science. During exercise there are a lot of artifacts and perturbations which can affect signal quality of cortical brain activity. The technical developments of surface electroencephalography (EEG) minimize such influences during standardized test conditions on a bicycle ergometer. The aim of this study was to investigate how movement frequency affects cortical brain activity and established physiological parameters during exercise. In cycling peak performance is affected by cadence. The analysis of brain cortical activity might lead to new insights in the relation of power and cadence. In a laboratory study sixteen male, endurance-trained cyclists completed a 60 min endurance exercise on a high-performance bicycle ergometer. Cadence was changed every 10 min (90-120-60-120-60-90 rpm). EEG was used to analyze changes in cortical brain activity. Furthermore, heart rate, blood lactate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured after each cadence change. The results indicate that heart rate, blood lactate and RPE were higher at 120 rpm compared to 60 rpm. The spectral EEG power increased statistically significantly in the alpha-2 and beta-2 frequency range by changing cadence from 60 to 120 rpm. By lowering the cadence from 120 to 60 rpm the spectral power dropped statistically significantly in all analyzed EEG frequency bands. The data also showed a statistically significant decrease of spectral EEG power in all frequency ranges over time. In conclusion, the analyzed EEG data indicate that cadence should be considered as an independent exercise normative in the training process, because it directly influences metabolic, cardiac and cortical parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Eeg Recordings and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Brain Activity is Influenced by Cadence in Cyclists

Hottenrott

Taubert

Gronwald

2013

TOSSJ

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“…This hypothesis is consistent with the findings that systemic hypoxaemia and insufficient brain oxygenation depress central neural drive (Amann et al 2006a;Amann and Kayser 2009;Bigland-Ritchie et al 1986b;Dillon and Waldrop 1992;Dousset et al 2003). The latest research has strengthened this consensus by showing that scalp-recorded brain cortical activity (as assessed via electroencephalography combined with localized electromagnetic tomography) is affected during whole-body exercise at high intensity (Brummer et al 2011;Schneider et al 2010) and in a hypoxic environment (Schneider and Struder 2009). The use of electromagnetic tomography during supra-maximal exercise is restricted by head movement artifacts, but remains a powerful tool to shed light on muscle recruitment strategies in future years.…”

Section: At Least Two Potential Causes For Down-regulation Of Muscle supporting

confidence: 84%

Electromyography Assessment of Muscle Recruitment Strategies During High-Intensity Exercise

Billaut¹

2011

Advances in Applied Electromyography

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“…Earlier studies did not find elevations of PFC activity with bicycling intensity [19], but these included the whole prefrontal cortex and not only BA10 and BA46. Both brain regions are known to be involved into cognitive processes like attention, learning and memory in regard of motivation, decision-making, conflict monitoring, integration of separate cognitive operation outcomes in pursuit of higher behavioural goals and inhibition of non-appropriate actions [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Eegmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Many former studies during exercise are difficult to interpret due to: use of single electrodes; the missing localization, but multi-functional nature of the brain; heterogeneous findings of changes in frequency bands [19]. Applying a complete 32-electrode system and analysing total cortical current density, increased cortical current density within the primary motor cortex with exercise intensity was found; whereas, no significant enhancements of activity within the PFC have been identified [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocortical and Hemodynamic Changes within the Brain during Incremental Bicycle Exercise in Normoxia and Hypoxia—A Combined EEG/NIRS Study

Abeln

Schneider²,

Knicker³

et al. 2015

JSS

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Abstract:The correlation of NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) and EEG (electro-cortical activity) in exercise studies has never been shown. Eight sport students performed an incremental bicycle exercise test under normoxic and hypoxic (12.7% O 2 ) conditions respectively. EEG and NIRS recordings of the prefrontal cortex (PFC, Brodmann area 10. 46) were performed synchronously to shed light on their correlation. ANOVA revealed a higher absolute workload (231.3 ± 37.2 W), and relative PFC oxygenation under normoxic conditions, whereas hypoxic conditions resulted in earlier exhaustion (200 ± 26.7 W) and reduced PFC oxygenation. NIRS parameters increased remarkably with exercise intensity (P < 0.001) and differed between conditions (O 2 Hb: P < 0.001; HHb: P = 0.023; tHb: P = 0.016) and hemispheres (O 2 Hb: P = 0.023). For EEG, higher prefrontal cortical current density during compared to pre and post exercise was revealed for both conditions (P < 0.001). No difference between conditions and hemispheres were found. In conclusion, brain cortical activity is not impaired by hypoxia. No correlation between NIRS and EEG, but a moderate correlation between EEG and cardio-vascular parameters and a moderate to high correlation between NIRS and cardio-vascular parameters were found. The results emphasize that the transfer of EEG and NIRS results need to be done with caution.

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Primary motor cortex activity is elevated with incremental exercise intensity

Cited by 83 publications

References 29 publications

Cortical Brain Activity is Influenced by Cadence in Cyclists

Cortical Brain Activity is Influenced by Cadence in Cyclists

Electromyography Assessment of Muscle Recruitment Strategies During High-Intensity Exercise

Electrocortical and Hemodynamic Changes within the Brain during Incremental Bicycle Exercise in Normoxia and Hypoxia—A Combined EEG/NIRS Study

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