Primary Metabolism of Chickpea Is the Initial Target of Wound Inducing Early Sensed Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race I

Abstract

BackgroundBiotrophic interaction between host and pathogen induces generation of reactive oxygen species that leads to programmed cell death of the host tissue specifically encompassing the site of infection conferring resistance to the host. However, in the present study, biotrophic relationship between Fusarium oxysporum and chickpea provided some novel insights into the classical concepts of defense signaling and disease perception where ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation followed by hypersensitive responses determined the magnitude of susceptibility or resistant potentiality of the host.Methodology/Principal FindingsMicroscopic observations detected wound mediated in planta pathogenic establishment and its gradual progression within the host vascular tissue. cDNA-AFLP showed differential expression of many defense responsive elements. Real time expression profiling also validated the early recognition of the wound inducing pathogen by the host. The interplay between fungus and host activated changes in primary metabolism, which generated defense signals in the form of sugar molecules for combating pathogenic encounter.Conclusions/SignificanceThe present study showed the limitations of hypersensitive response mediated resistance, especially when foreign encounters involved the food production as well as the translocation machinery of the host. It was also predicted from the obtained results that hypersensitivity and active species generation failed to impart host defense in compatible interaction between chickpea and Fusarium. On the contrary, the defense related gene(s) played a critical role in conferring natural resistance to the resistant host. Thus, this study suggests that natural selection is the decisive factor for selecting and segregating out the suitable type of defense mechanism to be undertaken by the host without disturbing its normal metabolism, which could deviate from the known classical defense mechanisms.

Transcriptomic dissection reveals wide spread differential expression in chickpea during early time points of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 attack

“…ACO1 (ACC oxidase1) regulates ethylene biosynthesis and cell death [57]. Upregulation of ACO1 in susceptible plants presumably elicits cell death, which according to our previous studies was reported to lead to susceptibility against Foc1 [15]. ASN (Glutamine dependent asparagines synthase 1) regulates primary nitrogen metabolism that fuels myriad basic metabolic activities during pathogen infection [58].…”

Achievements and Challenges in Legume Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance

“…As a result, many studies performed on M. truncatula, soybean, pea, chickpea, peanuts, and common bean provided insight into the molecular basis of their resistance to several legume pathogens including Fusarium oxysporum, Aphanomyces euteiches, Phytophthora sojae, Didymella pinodes, Ascochyta rabiei, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Peronospora viciae f.sp. pisi, pea seed-borne mosaic virus, bean common mosaic virus, common bacterial blight, Orobanche crenata, Phelipanche aegyptiaca, Heterodera goettingiana, Spodoptera exigua or Helicoverpa armigera (Nyamsuren et al, 2003;Gao et al, 2004;Cho et al, 2005;Cadle-Davidson and Jahn, 2006;Nimbalkar et al, 2006;Die et al, 2007;Choi et al, 2008;Darwish et al, 2008;Singh et al, 2008;Gupta et al, 2009Gupta et al, , 2010Hiraoka et al, 2009;Soria-Guerra et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2011;Veronico et al, 2011;Feng et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2012a,b;Jaiswal et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2012;Rispail et al, 2013;Toyoda et al, 2013).…”

Transcriptional profiling of watermelon during its incompatible interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum

“…Genome-wide expression profiling of plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum has been reported in several crop plant species, including cotton (Dowd et al 2004), chickpea (Gupta et al 2010) and tomato (Amaral et al 2008). However, no similar study has been reported in watermelon.…”