Primary mediastinal myelolipoma: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Myelolipoma is a kind of rare benign tumour composed of mature adipocytes and hemopoietic elements, and is most often found in the adrenal glands. Primary mediastinal myelolipoma (PMM) more rarely happens and has no definite symptoms, and mediastinal masses are usually found in chest examination. The patients normally receive a surgical resection and have a favorable prognosis after postoperative pathological diagnosis. Here, we present the case of PMM, which was resected via video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and investigate recent correlative literatures to summarize its etiology, histopathology, differential diagnosis and therapeutic method. In this way, we aim to improve clinical doctors' understanding of this disease.

An unusual diagnosis of paravertebral lesions: mediastinal myelolipoma

“…EAMLs are rare, and until 2017, only 49 cases of mediastinal myelolipomas (including our case) had been reported. 4 Patients with EAML are generally older (mean age of 64 years) than patients with adrenal myelolipoma (mean age of 55 years). EAML seems to occur with female predominance (2:1 female:male ratio).…”

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Arising Within Mediastinal Myelolipoma: A WWTR1-Driven Composite Neoplasm

“…14 Gierke initially described adrenal myelolipoma in 1905, and Kaplan and Radice reported the first case of EAM in 1950. [15][16][17] Myelolipoma is a well-circumscribed mass of mature fat admixed with hematopoietic myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic precursors with occasional bone formation. 17,18 The myeloid elements are least numerous with erythroid and megakaryocytic precursors being the most abundant-the cellularity does not correlate with age in contrast to extramedullary hematopoiesis.…”

A rare case of gradual enlargement of a multifocal myelolipoma of the posterior mediastinum for 12 years after surgical resection of an adrenal myelolipoma

“…Extra-adrenal sites include the presacral resion, retroperioneum, liver, spleen, stomach, lungs, and mediastinum [ 3 ]. Only 39 cases of mediastinal myelolipoma have been reported to date [ 4 ]. Additionally, no reports have described a multifocal mediastinal myelolipoma.…”