Primary leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava, a rare entity: Imaging features

Abstract

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is an uncommon neoplasm, most frequently seen in the sixth decade with a female predominance. Imaging modalities allow an early and accurate preoperative diagnosis resulting in a higher rate of surgical resection and improved survival. Imaging findings in a 65-year-old woman with leiomyosarcoma of IVC are described. Computed tomography and MRI typically showed a non-fatty, necrotic intraluminal IVC mass with extension to retroperitoneal compartments. Cavography was useful to evaluate the collateral circulation associated with the extensive intraluminal mass. The lesion was biopsied under ultrasound guidance.

Primary leiomyosarcoma in the inferior vena cava- a case report

“…4 It is mainly seen in the sixth decade of life with a female predominance. 3 Clinical findings are nonspecific and may precede the diagnosis by several years. Symptoms and resectability depend on location and extent of tumor as well as associated thrombosis.…”

“…Tumor in the upper segment give rise to varying degree of Budd Chiari syndrome due to hepatic vein thrombosis. 3,5 With the development of imaging modalities like USG, CT and MRI, preoperative diagnosis of Leiomyosarcoma is possible. CT scan clearly delineates the intra luminal vascular tumor, which is usually large, lobulated and sometimes heterogeneous owing to haemorrhage and necrosis.…”

“…2 Leiomyosarcoma are most frequently encountered in sixth decade with a female predominance. 3 The diagnosis is often challenging as patients present with non-specific complaints such as dyspnoea, abdominal discomfort, or back pain.…”

Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation — case report

“…Leiomyosarcomas arising in the IVC are most frequently seen in the sixth decade of life (median age 56), with a female predominance (68%) [3,6]. They are slow-growing progressive tumors with an extremely poor prognosis [7,8].…”

Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Juxtarenal Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report

“…Late presentation and involvement of suprarenal IVC worsen the prognosis. Complete surgical resection with a 1 cm of tumor-free margin is considered the treatment of choice [8]. Hollenbeck et al reported 25 patients with primary IVC tumor treated between 1982 and 2002 and showed that complete resection of IVC could be managed either by primary repair or ligation of IVC [5].…”