Primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumor: two case reports

Liu, Hailong; Wang, Haoran; Qi, Xueling; Yu, Chunmei

doi:10.1186/s12957-016-0887-4

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In fact, to the best of our knowledge, we present the second case of primary sellar NET. In contrast to the sellar NET presented by Liu et al .,[5] our case was preoperatively indistinguishable from non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma, both clinically and radiologically. However, because of the better visualization granted by the endoscopic technique (moving the lens and light source closer to the pathology), we were able to intraoperatively distinguish the lesion from normal macroadenoma.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…[157] Scans by CT and MRI examination are nonspecific, and in the skull base and sellar region, as in our case, NET presented MRI findings similar to more common pathologies such as pituitary adenoma, meningioma, and metastasis. [7] Because most cases of NET express somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5, somatostatin receptor (SR) scintigraphy represents the primary imaging method for diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of this tumor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Primary pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: Case report and literature review

Nasi¹,

Perano²,

Ghadirpour³

et al. 2017

Surg Neurol Int

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Background:Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) originate from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. These can arise in almost every organ of the body, although they are most commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. The skull base and sellar region are extremely rare sites for neuroendocrine carcinoma. Consequently, in this case, both diagnosis and definition of surgical goals, as well as further treatment strategies were challenging.Case Description:A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our Neurosurgery Department with a rapidly progressive visus reduction, drowsiness, polyuria, and polydipsia. Neuroimaging showed a sellar/suprasellar mass (diameter of 2 cm) with a heterogeneous signal compressing the optic chiasm and extending laterally toward the cavernous sinus. Differential diagnosis based on imaging included pituitary macroadenoma or metastasis. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. A total resection of the mass was impossible because of the infiltration of the optic chiasm and the intraoperative histological diagnosis of malignant epithelial neoplasm. Further histological evaluation revealed that the lesion was a NET with no other primary or metastatic sites detectable. Subsequently, the patient was successfully treated with fractioned stereotactic radiotherapy and polychemotherapy. Four years after the surgery, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed stability of the residual disease. Neurologic examination revealed a complete visual recovery.Conclusions:Primary pituitary NET, though rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of sellar lesions. A multimodality treatment approach is needed. Finally, the present case highlights, that in the case of a pituitary lesion infiltrating the optic chiasm, including NET, the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal subtotal resection followed by fractioned stereotactic radiotherapy and chemotherapy may represent an effective and safe choice of treatment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Primary pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: Case report and literature review

Nasi¹,

Perano²,

Ghadirpour³

et al. 2017

Surg Neurol Int

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“…Neurological symptoms in patients with NETs may be directly related to the tumour (e.g., brain metastasis, vertebral metastasis with spinal cord compression, or leptomeningeal metastasis) or to a PNS. Anecdotal case reports of primary intracranial NETs have been published [19]. Fewer than 2% of patients with NETs experience metastatic brain disease [20], whereas 45% have metastases at any sites, with the most common locations being the regional lymph nodes, liver, lung, and bones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Immune-Mediated Paraneoplastic Syndromes to Neurological Manifestations of Neuroendocrine Tumours: A Retrospective Study

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Neurological symptoms associated with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) may be related to metastatic disease or paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs); these last are often associated with autoantibodies targeting various onconeural antigens. To better characterize neurological PNSs related to NETs, we report the largest case-series study to date. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients diagnosed with NETs of the gastrointestinal tract who presented with neurological symptoms at either of 2 tertiary academic hospitals (Henri Mondor and Beaujon, France) between 1994 and 2016. All patients underwent extensive neurological tests including clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations. The clinical response to immunomodulating agents was recorded. Results: In the 13 identified patients, the most common presentations were peripheral neuropathy (46.2%) and encephalopathy (26.6%). Of the 6 (53.3%) patients whose serum anti-neuronal antibodies were assayed, 5 had high titres. Short-term oral corticosteroid and immunosuppressant drug therapy was given to 4 of these patients, of whom 3 had a clinical response and 1 no response. Repeated high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy induced a complete clinical response in 1 patient. Encephalopathy resolved fully after hepatectomy or intrahepatic chemoembolization for liver metastases in another 2 patients. Discussion: The neurological symptoms associated with NETs may be due in part to autoimmune PNS. Based on experience at our 2 centres, we estimate that autoimmune PNS occurs in about 1% of patients with NETs. Early symptom recognition allows the initiation of effective treatments including corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and/or intravenous immunoglobulins.

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“…Furthermore, there are few other case reports of extra-axial primary NENs. These were described in the pineal gland, near the pituitary, and along the meninges 15–20…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the brain

et al. 2019

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are malignancies with rare reports of central nervous system development. A 34-year-old woman was found to have a primary NEN of the brain, and she had recurrence with identical histology 10 years later. Extracranial NENs were excluded. She had routine surveillance for the first 5 years with MRIs and positron emission tomography/CTs after the initial presentation which was treated with radiation followed by cisplatin and etoposide. This case highlights the difference in primary NENs versus NEN metastases to the brain, and that longer periods of surveillance are likely required for primary NENs. This is important because the prognosis between primary NENs and metastatic NENs to the brain are vastly different and should not be treated as equal diseases. The patient eventually died of her recurrence secondary to complications of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placed for treatment of hydrocephalus from the disease.

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Primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumor: two case reports

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Primary pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: Case report and literature review

Primary pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: Case report and literature review

Contribution of Immune-Mediated Paraneoplastic Syndromes to Neurological Manifestations of Neuroendocrine Tumours: A Retrospective Study

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the brain

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