Primary intracranial germ cell tumours: Experience of a single South-East Asian institution

Foo, Aaron Song Chuan; Lim, Cindy; Chong, Dawn Q.; Tan, Daniel; Tham, Chee Kian

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2014.01.021

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCT), which are the most common types of brain tumors in Asian children and adolescents [ 1 , 2 ], are typically found in the suprasellar area and pineal gland, and less commonly in the basal ganglia. Pure germinomas are very sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and show excellent prognosis with 5-year overall survival rates of ≥ 90% following radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy [ 3 - 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive and Psychological Functioning of Children with an Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

Park

et al. 2017

Cancer Res Treat

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PurposeThis study was conducted to investigate the neurocognitive functioning of children with intracranial germ cell tumor (IGCT) prior to receiving proton beam therapy (PBT), and to identify differential characteristics of their neurocognitive functioning depending on tumor location. As a secondary object of this study, neurocognitive functions were followed up at 1-2 years after PBT to examine early post-treatment changes.Materials and MethodsBetween 2008 and 2014, 34 childrenwith IGCT treatedwho received PBT atNational Cancer Center, Korea were enrolled in this study. Standardized neurocognitive tests of intelligence, memory, and executive functioning were performed with baseline psychological assessments using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Follow-up assessments after PBT were conducted in 20 patients (T2). The results were analyzed based on the locations of tumors, which included the suprasellar, pineal gland, basal ganglia, and bifocal regions.ResultsThe neurocognitive function of IGCT patients was significantly lower than that of the normal population in performance intelligence quotient (p=0.041), processing speed (p=0.007), memory (p < 0.001), and executive functioning (p=0.010). Patients with basal ganglia tumors had significantly lower scores for most domains of neurocognitive functioning and higher scores for CBCL than both the normal population and patients with IGCT in other locations. There was no significant change in neurocognitive function between T1 and T2 for all types of IGCT patients in first 1-2 years after PBT.ConclusionTumor location significantly affects the neuropsychological functioning in patients with IGCT. Neuropsychological functioning should be closely monitored from the time of diagnosis in IGCT patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive and Psychological Functioning of Children with an Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

Park

et al. 2017

Cancer Res Treat

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“…Previous reports describing the clinical outcomes of patients with intracranial GCTs are therefore limited, considering their small sample size, selection bias, and variable treatment options. 7,15,17,21 Germinomas are curable with radiation therapy alone or in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. One study reported the clinical outcomes of 24 patients with intracranial germinomas treated with reduced radiation and some chemotherapy agents, including carboplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 On the contrary, patients with NGGCTs have relatively more unfavorable outcomes than those with germinomatous tumors, regardless of the involvement of more intensive therapies, including the resection of residual tumor after chemotherapy and highdose craniospinal irradiation. 15,16 It has been reported that the 5-year OS rate of patients with NGGCTs is lower, ranging from 30% to 70%, 7,15,17 than the OS rate for those with germinomatous tumors. The most effective treatment for the germinomatous group seems to be radiation therapy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy; however, a standard therapy for patients with NGGCTs has yet to be established.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-term survival in patients with primary intracranial germ cell tumors treated with surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy: a single-institution study

Shimizu

Motomura

Ohka

et al. 2021

Journal of Neurosurgery

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OBJECTIVEThe current study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and toxicities of patients with intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs).METHODSThis study retrospectively included 110 consecutive patients (70 patients in the germinomatous group and 40 patients in the nongerminomatous GCT [NGGCT] groups) receiving surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary intracranial GCTs. In the authors’ protocol, patients with GCTs were further divided into the following four groups: the germinomatous group and the NGGCT groups (mature teratoma, intermediate prognosis, or poor prognosis).RESULTSThe median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of the patients in the germinomatous group were significantly higher than those in the NGGCT group (p < 0.001). The 5-, 10-, and 20-year OS rates in the germinomatous group were 97.1%, 95.7%, and 93.2%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 11.0 years. On the contrary, the 5-, 10-, and 20-year OS rates in the NGGCT group were 67.3%, 63.4%, and 55.4%, respectively. The 5-, 10-, and 20-year PFS rates were 91.4%, 86.6%, and 86.6%, respectively, in the germinomatous group, whereas those of the NGGCT group were approximately 67.4%, 60.2%, and 53.5%, respectively. Based on the four types of classification in our study, the 5-, 10-, and 20-year OS rates in the NGGCT intermediate prognosis group were 78.9%, 71.8%, and 53.8%, respectively. On the contrary, the 3- and 5-year OS rates in the NGGCT poor prognosis group were 42.9% and 34.3%, respectively. Moreover, toxicities with the treatment of intracranial GCTs were found to be tolerable in the present study population. The multivariate survival models for OS in the NGGCT intermediate prognosis and poor prognosis groups demonstrated that only the alpha-fetoprotein status was significantly associated with worsened OS (HR 3.88, 95% CI 1.29–11.66; p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSThe authors found that platinum-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy result in favorable survival outcomes in patients with germinomatous GCTs. Clinical outcomes were still unfavorable in the NGGCT intermediate prognosis and poor prognosis groups; therefore, a new protocol that increases the survival rate of patients belonging in both groups should be considered.

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“…2 [23,28]. [28,45,46]; -при метастазировании по ликворопроводящим путям назначают краниоспинальное облучение [43,47,48] -4 cycles of platinum based chemotherapy, usually including etoposide, ifosfamide, and either carboplatin or cisplatin [9,43,44]; -followed by whole ventricular radiotherapy (20-24 Gy) and boost radiation (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) to tumor bed [28,45,46]; -if сerebrospinal fluid metastasis detected, then craniospinal irradiation also administered [43,47,48] Негерминомные герминогенные опухоли Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors…”

Section: Russian Journal Of Neurosurgeryunclassified

“…Негативные прогностические факторыженский пол, возраст старше 18 лет, НГГО и отказ от использования лучевой терапии. Прогноз относительно благоприятен для пациентов с герминомами, 5-летняя выживаемость которых превышает 90 %, а общая выживаемость даже при наличии метастазов лучше, чем выживаемость пациентов с НГГО, которая составляет 30-70 % [6,29,43]. Тем не менее в 1 исследовании было показано, что неоадъювантная комбинированная химиотерапия и лучевая терапия с последующей полной резекцией остаточной опухоли привели к 93 % 5-летней вы-живаемости пациентов с НГГО [50].…”

Section: Embryonal Carcinomaunclassified

Primary germ cell tumors of the central nervous system

Мартынов

Martynov

Svistov

2019

Nejrohirurgiâ (Mosk.)

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The study objective is to describe current views on pathogenesis, molecular biology, diagnosis, treatment of primary germ cell tumors of the central nervous system, as well as treatment prognosis.Materials and methods. The review includes 51 literature sources (4 in Russian, 47 in English). All articles were published in the last 20 years.Results and conclusion. The review reflects both established principles and characteristics of the national protocol of treatment of germ cell tumors, treatment nuances determined by histological type of the tumor. The most effective treatment method for germ cell tumors are radiation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For non-germinal germ cell tumors chemotherapy with subsequent complete removal is optimal. Total tumor resection by itself is the ideal treatment of mature teratomas. In the future, molecular and cytogenetic studies will allow to additionally identify subtypes of germ cell tumors of the central nervous system which will become the basis of new directions for therapy, improved treatment results and methods of prognosis.

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Primary intracranial germ cell tumours: Experience of a single South-East Asian institution

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Neurocognitive and Psychological Functioning of Children with an Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

Neurocognitive and Psychological Functioning of Children with an Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

Long-term survival in patients with primary intracranial germ cell tumors treated with surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy: a single-institution study

Primary germ cell tumors of the central nervous system

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