Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with metachronous lymph node metastasis after long‐term follow up

Iimuro, Yuji; Deguchi, Yasunori; Ueda, Yoshihide; Tanaka, Akira; Iwasa, Yoko; Ishihara, Maki; Mizuta, Kei; Yamamoto, Yūzō; Ikai, Iwao; Sugiyama, Yasuyuki; Yamaoka, Yoshio

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02663.x

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This may be due to the small number of our cases. It appears that the right liver lobe is more easily affected than the left lobe, and bilateral localization has also been observed, as reported (10)(11)(12)(13). This epidemiologic feature is concordant with our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Experience in primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor

Jia

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

Turk J Gastroenterol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Experience in primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor

Jia

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

Turk J Gastroenterol

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“…Accordingly, lymph node involvement occurs in 60% of cases. A case report of 2002 [29] confirmed a case of metachrone lymph node metastasis after a 5-year follow-up in one case of surgically treated PHCT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Primary hepatic carcinoid: A case report and literature review

Fenoglio¹,

Severini²,

Ferrigno³

et al. 2009

WJG

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Carcinoids are tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells and often produce functional peptide hormones. Approximately 54.5% arise in the gastrointestinal tract and frequently metastasize to the liver. Primary hepatic carcinoid tumors (PHCT) are extremely rare; only 95 cases have been reported. A 65-year-old man came to our attention due to occasional ultrasound findings in absence of clinical manifestations. His previous medical history, since 2003, included an echotomography of the dishomogeneous parenchymal area but no focal lesions. A computed tomography s c a n p e r fo r m e d i n 2 0 0 5 s h o w e d an enhanced pseudonodular-like lesion of about 2 cm. Cholangiomagnetic resonance imaging identified the lesion as a possible cholangiocarcinoma. No positive findings were obtained with positron emission tomography. Histology suggested a secondary localization in the liver caused by a low-grade malignant neuroendocrine tumor. Immunohistochemistry was positive for anti chromogranin antibodies, Ki67 antibodies and synaptophysin. Octreoscan scintigraphy indicated intense activity in the lesion. Endoscopic investigations were performed to exclude the presence of extrahepatic neoplasms. Diagnosis of PHCT was established. The patient underwent left hepatectomy, followed by hormone therapy with sandostatine LAR. Two months after surgery he had a lymph nodal relapse along the celiac trunk and caudate lobe, which was histologically confirmed. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful, with a negative follow-up for hematochemical, clinical and radiological investigations at 18 mo post-surgery. Diagnosis of PHCT is based principally on the histopathological confirmation of a carcinoid tumor and the exclusion of a non-hepatic primary tumor. Surgical resection is the recommended primary treatment for PHCT. Recurrence rate and survival rate in patients treated with resection were 18% and 74%, respectively.

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“…Sixty-nine cases meeting the inclusion criteria were identified [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]. Eight of them were case series, the remaining 61 were case reports.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A proposed algorithm for diagnosis uses computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) initially, followed by octreoscan, upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and explorative laparotomy for the exclusion of an extra-hepatic carcinoid tumour [7]. Even when all of these elements point towards a case of PHCT, a protracted long-term follow-up is necessary in order to exclude an underlying extrahepatic primary tumour that could have been mistaken by the diagnostic tools available [12]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Carcinoids of the Liver: A Review of Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments

et al. 2008

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Introduction: To elucidate the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of primary hepatic carcinoid tumours, a literature search was conducted and summarized. Materials and Methods: Published primary hepatic carcinoid tumour case reports and series were searched and selected in the Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Results: Sixty-nine cases meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Twenty-eight patients were male (28/69 = 40.6%). The median age at diagnosis was 50 years (range 8–83 years). The most common presentation described was abdominal pain (23/69 = 33.3%), or no symptoms at all (16/69 = 23.2%). Symptoms of carcinoid syndrome were described in 18.9% of cases (13/69). The most frequently secreted hormones were gastrin (7/69 = 10.1%) and chromogranin A. In 31.9% of patients (22/69), surgical treatment was not adopted. Of those treated surgically, 63.8% underwent a hepatic resection (44/69) and 4.3% a liver transplantation (3/69). After a median follow-up of 31 months (range 0–180 months), 39.1% of patients (27/69) died and 52.2% (36/69) survived. Conclusions: Primary hepatic carcinoids are an important entity in which the exclusion of different primary locations is necessary. When feasible, hepatic resection is the treatment of choice. Liver transplantation has been described in a small number of unresectable cases.

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Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with metachronous lymph node metastasis after long‐term follow up

Cited by 44 publications

References 10 publications

Experience in primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor

Experience in primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor

Primary hepatic carcinoid: A case report and literature review

Primary Carcinoids of the Liver: A Review of Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments

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