Primary Health Care: Time to Deliver

Barış, Enis; Silverman, Rachel; Zhao, Feng; Pate, Muhammad Ali

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1768-7_ch1

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Our study has two important policy implications. First, the results provide a status of countrywide laboratory services quality and capacity in the PHC facilities which will help in the ongoing efforts to strengthen the performance of PHC facilities, as well as in the processes for reimagining PHC services post-COVID-19 [49]. Secondly, based on these findings the…”

Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Status of countrywide laboratory services quality and capacity in primary healthcare facilities in Tanzania: Findings from Star Rating Assessment

Kinyenje,

Ngowi,

Msigwa

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Accurate disease diagnosis relies on a well-organized and reliable laboratory system. This study assesses the quality of laboratory services in Tanzania based on the nationwide Star Rating Assessment (SRA) of Primary Healthcare (PHC) facilities conducted in 2017/18. This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from all the country’s PHC facilities stored in the SRA database. Laboratory service quality was assessed by aggregating scores as percentages of the maximum achievable score across various indicators: dedicated laboratory department/room, adequate equipment, staffing levels, adherence to testing protocols, establishment of turnaround times, internal and external quality controls, and safety and supplies management. Scores equal to or exceeding 80% were deemed compliant. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the influence of facility characteristics (level, ownership, location, staffing) on quality scores, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The study included 6,663 PHC facilities (85.9% dispensaries, 11% health centers, 3.2% hospital-level-1), with the majority being public (82.3% vs. 17.7%) and located in rural areas (77.1% vs. 22.9%). On average, facilities scored 30.8% (SD = 35.7), and only 26.6% met staffing requirements. Compliance with quality standards was higher in private (63% vs. 19%, p<0.001) and urban facilities (62% vs. 16%, p<0.001). More than half of the facilities did not meet either of the eight quality indicators. Quality was positively linked to staffing compliance (Beta = 5.770) but negatively impacted by dispensaries (Beta = -6.342), rural locations (Beta = -0.945), and public ownership (Beta = -1.459). A score of 30% falls significantly short of the national target of 80%. Improving laboratory staffing levels at PHC facilities could improve the quality of laboratory services, especially in public facilities that are based in rural areas. There is a need to further strengthen laboratory services in PHC facilities to ensure the quality of laboratory services and clients’ satisfaction.

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Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Status of countrywide laboratory services quality and capacity in primary healthcare facilities in Tanzania: Findings from Star Rating Assessment

Kinyenje,

Ngowi,

Msigwa

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Financing reforms are needed to strengthen primary health care systems to improve both routine care and response to health emergencies. 5,6 Optimally, primary health care systems assign every person in a community to a specific primary health care clinician who leads a multidisciplinary team that provides patient-centered care, with clinical encounters at times and places convenient to patients and outof-pocket costs minimized or eliminated. Patients receive care over years by the same team (although team members might change), which has ready access to diagnostic testing as well as referral for specialist care and hospitalization when indicated.…”

Section: Robust Primary Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing for Pandemics and Other Health Threats

Frieden¹,

McClelland²

2022

JAMA

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“…The 2022 Lancet Commission on Financing Primary Health Care presented evidence on the levels and patterns of global expenditure on PHC, with an accompanying analysis of the key challenges, and promising practices for countries to consider as actionable policies for low and middle-income countries [8]. Building on this and previous efforts by WHO Council on the Economics of Health for All, World Bank and OECD [9][10][11]. Beyond issues of financing arrangements for PHC, there is also renewed momentum in operationalizing the measurement of all dimensions for PHC to drive actions for improvement at country level [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocacy, experience sharing and action planning toward raising additional financing for primary health care: spending more and spending better towards universal health coverage

Kizza,

Nabyonga-Orem,

Kwesiga

et al. 2024

BMC Proc

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Background Reallocation of funding to respond the covid-19 pandemic, against a backdrop of longstanding underfunded health systems and high out of pocket expenditures for health, affected access to health services for households, especially those without social protection. These highlighted the urgency in curbing the impact of disruptions on progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) goals. Strategic investments in Primary Health Care (PHC) can help spur the necessary momentum. Methods Under the collaborative platform of the Harmonization for Health in Africa’s Health Financing Technical Working Group; UNICEF Regional Office for East and Southern Africa and WHO Regional Office for Africa convened the first PHC financing forum for 21 countries across the Eastern and Southern Africa Region. The three-day forum engaged key health and financing decision makers in constructive dialogue to identify practical actions and policy changes needed to accelerate delivery of UHC through improvements in PHC financing mechanisms and arrangements. The forum was attended by over 130 senior policy makers and technicians from governments, United Nations agencies and nonstate actors drawn from within country, regional and affiliating headquarter institutions. Results The Regional Forum engaged participants in meaningful, and constructive discussions. Five themes emerged (1) regular measurement and monitoring of PHC services and spending (2) increasing investments in PHC (3) enhancing efficiency, effectiveness, and equity of PHC spending, (4) ensuring an enabling environment to invest more and better in PHC, and (5) better partnerships for the realization of commitments. An outcome statement summarizing the main recommendations of the meeting was approved at the end of the forum, and action plans were developed by 14 government delegations to improve PHC financing within country-specific context and priorities. Conclusions and recommendations The aims of this meeting in augmenting the political will created through the Africa Leadership Meeting (ALM), by catalyzing technical direction for increased momentum for improved health financing across all African countries was achieved. Peer exchanges offered practical approaches countries can take to improve health financing in ways that are suited to regional context providing a channel for incremental improvements to health outcomes in the countries.

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Primary Health Care: Time to Deliver

Cited by 6 publications

References 195 publications

Status of countrywide laboratory services quality and capacity in primary healthcare facilities in Tanzania: Findings from Star Rating Assessment

Status of countrywide laboratory services quality and capacity in primary healthcare facilities in Tanzania: Findings from Star Rating Assessment

Preparing for Pandemics and Other Health Threats

Advocacy, experience sharing and action planning toward raising additional financing for primary health care: spending more and spending better towards universal health coverage

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