Primary Graft Failure Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Kesel, Roxane J. de; Koppen, Carina; Ieven, Margareta; Zeyen, Thierry

doi:10.1097/00003226-200103000-00016

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It can lead to characteristic clinical patterns in corneal recipients [Nicholls et al, 1996]: retrospective studies have shown an association between HSV and endothelial loss in culture [Cleator et al, 1994] and with primary graft failure [Cockerham et al, 1997;Cockerham, 2001;De Kesel et al, 2001]. Steroid therapy appears to be a more important trigger of HSV reactivation than surgical trauma or graft immunological challenge [Beyer et al, 1989;Nicholls et al, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus DNA in corneal transplants: Prospective study of 38 recipients

Robert

Adenis

Denis³

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Virology

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the eye can induce epithelial and stromal keratitis and may also lead to postoperative endothelial failure in keratoplasty. Clinical symptoms and/or virus culture of corneal scrapings most frequently provide the basis for diagnosis of ocular HSV infection, and although HSV DNA has been shown to be present in the cornea, its role in success or failure of corneal grafts remains unclear. In this study, a PCR assay was used to detect HSV DNA in corneal buttons of 38 corneal graft recipients and in donor scleral remnants, retaining one-half of each sample for subsequent viral isolation. Recipients were followed up clinically for a period of 6 months after keratoplasty. All recipients but three were found to be HSV seropositive. Eight recipient corneal buttons contained detectable HSV DNA (7 HSV-1, 1 HSV-2, the latter case confirmed by viral culture). Two donor corneas were found positive for HSV-1 DNA, with negative cultures, and endothelial graft failure occurred in one of the matching recipients after 4 months. One recipient with no history of herpes contracted herpetic keratitis 4 months after keratoplasty, even though the corneal button and donor scleral remnants contained no detectable HSV DNA. The study confirms previous observations of HSV DNA in the corneal tissue of HSV seropositive patients apparently unrelated to any clinical manifestation of herpes infection. However, as demonstrated by culture, HSV remains infectious and may therefore induce donor-to-host infection in corneal recipients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus DNA in corneal transplants: Prospective study of 38 recipients

Robert

Adenis

Denis³

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…It was shown that HSV infection cause severe endothelial cell loss (Cleator et al 1994) and HSV infection was suspected as the cause of some cases of primary graft failure (Cockerham et al 1997;De Kesel et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most common cause of graft failure in metaherpetic recipients is the HSV reactivation (Sterk et al 1995). HSV infection caused severe endothelial cell loss in corneal organ culture (Cleator et al 1994) and has been implicated in some cases of primary graft failure (Cleator et al 1994;Cockerham et al 1997;De Kesel et al 2001). These evidences show that HSV might be the cause of some failures of corneal grafting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of graft survival and herpes simplex virus latency in recipient corneal buttons

Aydemir

Türkçüoğlu²,

Bulut³

et al. 2007

OPTH

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Purpose: To demonstrate relationship between herpes simplex virus (HSV) corneal latency and graft survival. Methods: Prospective case control study. 28 recipient corneal buttons and donor cornea-scleral remnants were examined for HSV DNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). None of the recipient had a history of HSV infection. Serum samples of graft recipients were analyzed for the presence of anti-HSV IgG and IgM with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. All corneas were free of stromal scarring or epithelial defect before sampling and had an endothelial cell density of >2000 cells/mm 2 . Results: In twenty three patients (82%) anti-HSV IgG was detected in serum. In none of the recipients anti-HSV IgM was positive. HSV DNA was positive in six out of twenty eight (21%) of the recipient corneal buttons and none of the donor cornea-scleral remnants. In eighteenmonths follow-up period three out of six (50%) HSV DNA positive and one out of twenty-two (4.5%) HSV DNA negative patients experienced late endothelial failure that was statistically signifi cantly different (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Even without a history of HSV keratitis, presence of latent HSV virus in recipient cornea is an important risk factor for subsequent graft survival.

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“…36 The most likely explanation for this is transmission through transplantation in apparently healthy normal corneas, which has been recently reported by a number of authors and should now be recognised as a cause of primary graft failure. [37][38][39][40] Furthermore, HSV is a cause of endothelial necrosis and even dendritic keratitis in organ culture. 41,42 Added to this is the recognition that viral DNA is not infrequently found in corneas removed at keratoplasty from patients with other diagnoses 33 and intriguingly Remeijer et al 43 have recently shown by genotyping that on occasion the virus isolated from cases of 'recurrence' after keratoplasty for HSK differs from the previously isolated recipient strain (Figure 1).…”

Section: Herpetic Keratitis Following Corneal Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and management of herpes simplex virus keratitis

Tullo

2003

Eye

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Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) remains a common cause of unilateral corneal disease. Despite intense research over three decades, the mainstay of therapy continues to be topical and, more recently, systemic acyclovir plus topical corticosteroid in some cases. There is increasing recognition that HSK after keratoplasty can occur not only as a result of recurrence in patients with HSK, but also in patients with other primary diagnoses as a result of activation of HSV in the host, or by transmission of virus in the donor tissue.

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Primary Graft Failure Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Abstract: These case reports strongly support the hypothesis that HSV-1 can be the cause of PGF.

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Herpes simplex virus DNA in corneal transplants: Prospective study of 38 recipients

Herpes simplex virus DNA in corneal transplants: Prospective study of 38 recipients

The relationship of graft survival and herpes simplex virus latency in recipient corneal buttons

Pathogenesis and management of herpes simplex virus keratitis

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