Primary gamma-herpesviral infection in Zambian children

Minhas, Veenu; Brayfield, Brad; Crabtree, Kay L.; Kankasa, Chipepo; Mitchell, Charles D.; Wood, Charles

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-115

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is in accordance with previous studies which have shown early EBV infections among young children in Africa 17,29. However, EBV prevalence was higher in blood donors from rural areas (9.4%) compared to those from urban areas (5.2%) but the difference observed is not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Screening of Hepatitis G and Epstein-Barr Viruses Among Voluntary Non Remunerated Blood Donors (Vnrbd) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Tao

Bisseyé

Nagalo

et al. 2013

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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In most sub-Saharan countries screening of blood-transmitted infections includes mainly HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis. Many viruses such as Hepatitis G (HGV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which also carry a risk of transmission by blood transfusion raise the question of the extent of screening for these pathogens. This work aims to evaluate the prevalence of HGV and EBV in first-time blood donors in Ouagadougou.The prevalence of HGV and EBV in 551 blood donors was 7.4% and 5.4% respectively. HGV prevalence was significantly higher in blood donors with hepatitis B antigens and positive for HCV compared to donors negative for HCV and no hepatitis B antigens (respectively p<0.001 and p=0.004). EBV prevalence was higher among blood donors of < 20 years age group. HBV and HCV positive individuals are not eligible for blood donation.This study shows significant results with regard to the prevalence of HGV and EBV prevalence in blood donors in Burkina Faso and emphasizes the need for a general screening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Screening of Hepatitis G and Epstein-Barr Viruses Among Voluntary Non Remunerated Blood Donors (Vnrbd) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Tao

Bisseyé

Nagalo

et al. 2013

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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“…EBV seropositivity was also associated with infection with Kaposi' s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) [41], human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) [77], herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) [83] and HIV [8,17]. CD4 count was not associated with EBV status in study participants with HIV ( Table 2) [54,57], however, EBV seroprevalence was higher among infants whose mothers had HIV and were immunosuppressed [8].…”

Section: Viewpoints Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus and implications for vaccine policy: A systematic review of the literature

Winter

Jackson

Lewis

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Health

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Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important human pathogen; it infects >90% people globally and is linked to infectious mononucleosis and several types of cancer. Vaccines against EBV are in development. In this study we present the first systematic review of the literature on risk factors for EBV infection, and discuss how they differ between settings, in order to improve our understanding of EBV epidemiology and aid the design of effective vaccination strategies.Methods MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched on 6 th March 2017 for observational studies of risk factors for EBV infection. Studies were excluded if they were published before 2008 to ensure relevance to the modern day, given the importance of influencing future vaccination policies. There were no language restrictions. After title, abstract and full text screening, followed by checking the reference lists of included studies to identify further studies, data were extracted into standardised spreadsheets and quality assessed. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.Results Seventy-seven papers met our inclusion criteria, including data from 31 countries. There was consistent evidence that EBV seroprevalence was associated with age, increasing throughout childhood and adolescence and remaining constant thereafter. EBV was generally acquired at younger ages in Asia than Europe/North America. There was also compelling evidence for an association between cytomegalovirus infection and EBV. Additional factors associated with EBV seroprevalence, albeit with less consistent evidence, included ethnicity, socioeconomic status, other chronic viral infections, and genetic variants of HLA and immune response genes. ConclusionsOur study is the first systematic review to draw together the global literature on the risk factors for EBV infection and includes an evaluation of the quality of the published evidence. Across the literature, the factors examined are diverse. In Asia, early vaccination of infants would be required to prevent EBV infection. In contrast, in Western countries a vaccine could be deployed later, particularly if it has only a short duration of protection and the intention was to protect against infectious mononucleosis. There is a lack of high-quality data on the prevalence and age of EBV infection outside of Europe, North America and South-East Asia, which are essential for informing effective vaccination policies in these settings.

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“…Primary infection with EBV typically occurs in childhood as a symptomless or mild infection, with early infection seen in a higher proportion of the population of low income, compared to high income countries (Cohen, 2000;Hjalgrim et al, 2007;Pariente et al, 2007) [e.g. 58Á9% of Zambian infants aged 12 months are EBV seropositive (Minhas et al, 2010) compared to 7Á1% in Swedish infants (Hesla et al, 2013)]. By age 30 years, > 95% of adults in Europe and North America are seropositive (Cohen, 2000;Pariente et al, 2007;Pembrey et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Severe Epstein–Barr virus infection in primary immunodeficiency and the normal host

Worth

Houldcroft²,

Booth

2016

Br J Haematol

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is ubiquitous in humans, but the majority of infections have an asymptomatic or self-limiting clinical course. Rarely, individuals may develop a pathological EBV infection with a variety of life threatening complications (including haemophagocytosis and malignancy) and others develop asymptomatic chronic EBV viraemia. Although an impaired ability to control EBV infection has long been recognised as a hallmark of severe T-cell immunodeficiency, the advent of next generation sequencing has identified a series of Primary Immunodeficiencies in which EBV-related pathology is the dominant feature. Chronic active EBV infection is defined as chronic EBV viraemia associated with systemic lymphoproliferative disease, in the absence of immunodeficiency. Descriptions of larger cohorts of patients with chronic active EBV in recent years have significantly advanced our understanding of this clinical syndrome. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of these diseases and clinical syndromes, and discuss approaches to the investigation and treatment of severe or atypical EBV infection.

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Primary gamma-herpesviral infection in Zambian children

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Screening of Hepatitis G and Epstein-Barr Viruses Among Voluntary Non Remunerated Blood Donors (Vnrbd) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Screening of Hepatitis G and Epstein-Barr Viruses Among Voluntary Non Remunerated Blood Donors (Vnrbd) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Predictors of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus and implications for vaccine policy: A systematic review of the literature

Severe Epstein–Barr virus infection in primary immunodeficiency and the normal host

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