Primary Forests: Definition, Status and Future Prospects for Global Conservation

Kormos, Cyril F.; Mackey, Brendan; DellaSala, Dominick A.; Kumpe, N.; Jaeger, Tilman; Mittermeier, R. A.; Filardi, Chris

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809665-9.09711-1

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, forests have been under increasing pressure from human activities over the centuries. Only about 23.5% of current forest ecosystems are still intact (Potapov et al, 2008) and can therefore be considered as "primary, " i.e., large, continuous forested landscapes undisturbed by human activities (Kormos et al, 2018). Emphasis has been placed over recent decades on management approaches closer to natural dynamics to ensure the sustainable management of forest ecosystems (Kuuluvainen, 2002;Gauthier et al, 2009;Puettmann et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compared to Wildfire, Management Practices Reduced Old-Growth Forest Diversity and Functionality in Primary Boreal Landscapes of Eastern Canada

Martin

Grondin

Lambert

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Large primary forest residuals can still be found in boreal landscapes. Their areas are however shrinking rapidly due to anthropogenic activities, in particular industrial-scale forestry. The impacts of logging activities on primary boreal forests may also strongly differ from those of wildfires, the dominant stand-replacing natural disturbance in these forests. Since industrial-scale forestry is driven by economic motives, there is a risk that stands of higher economic value will be primarily harvested, thus threatening habitats, and functions related to these forests. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify the main attributes differentiating burned and logged stands prior to disturbance in boreal forests. The study territory lies in the coniferous and closed-canopy boreal forest in Québec, Canada, where industrial-scale logging and wildfire are the two main stand-replacing disturbances. Based on Québec government inventories of primary forests, we identified 427 transects containing about 5.5 circular field plots/transect that were burned or logged shortly after being surveyed, between 1985 and 2016. Comparative analysis of the main structural and environmental attributes of these transects highlighted the strong divergence in the impact of fire and harvesting on primary boreal forests. Overall, logging activities mainly harvested forests with the highest economic value, while most burned stands were low to moderately productive or recently disturbed. These results raise concerns about the resistance and resilience of remnant primary forests within managed areas, particularly in a context of disturbance amplification due to climate change. Moreover, the majority of the stands studied were old-growth forests, characterized by a high ecological value but also highly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. A loss in the diversity and functionality of primary forests, and particularly the old-growth forests, therefore adds to the current issues related to these ecosystems. Since 2013, the study area is under ecosystem-based management, which implies that there have been marked changes in forestry practices. Complementary research will be necessary to assess the capacity of ecosystem-based management to address the challenges identified in our study.

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confidence: 99%

Compared to Wildfire, Management Practices Reduced Old-Growth Forest Diversity and Functionality in Primary Boreal Landscapes of Eastern Canada

Martin

Grondin

Lambert

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…En Yasuní (en las coordenadas 0°43'37.3"S 75°32'56.0"O), el personal del "Programa de Viveros y Reforestación" de producción, en coordinación con Petroamazonas, recolectó dos libras de hojarasca en descomposición que estaban en el suelo de un bosque primario cercano al área de explotación del pozo petrolero. Para la estimación de que el punto de colección era "bosque primario" (es decir, no afectado por explotación maderera, agrícola o minera, resultado final de etapas ecológicas sucesivas, poseedor de su biodiversidad original completa con poca o ninguna foránea, dominado por una cubierta continua de árboles de dosel, y agua y suelo no contaminados) [9], se confía en el conocimiento del lugar de los técnicos del vivero, que manejan a diario los indicadores para los diferentes estados de alteración de la selva local. Ambas entidades autorizaron el permiso para la recolección de semillas y material lignocelulósico nativo en el Bloque 43, dentro del marco del proyecto "Desarrollo Responsable del Bloque" [10].…”

Section: Recolección De Las Muestrasunclassified

Métodos de identificación polifásica aplicados a la búsqueda de microorganismos con potencial industrial

Pinos

Naranjo²,

Tupiza³

et al. 2019

Rev Fac Cien Med (Quito)

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Introducción: La bioprospección de metabolitos de interés antropogénico emplea métodos de recolección de microorganismos en ecosistemas extremófilos o endémicos. La microbiota aislada en estos lugares puede o no incluir microorganismos patógenos. Es imprescindible un enfoque interdisciplinario que permita abordar la búsqueda de las especies de interés mientras se preserva la buena salud de los investigadores. Objetivo: Identificar molecular, bioquímica y morfológicamente microorganismos patógenos humanos en cepas celulolíticas de importancia industrial almacenadas en el banco de cepas del Laboratorio de Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, procedentes del Yasuní, la Antártida y Balzapamba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de bioprospección de bacterias celulolíticas empleando técnicas de microbiología ambiental. Se evaluaron las características morfológicas mediante tinciones, como por ejemplo Gram. Además, se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas y antibiogramas para bacterias Gram-negativas y Gram-positivas. Las pruebas moleculares utilizaron extracción de ADN bacteriano para la secuenciación Sanger del gen 16S. Resultados: Se encontraron las especies Klebsiella pneumoniae (Y2 y Y3r) y Nocardia asteroides (Y1 y Y3p) en las muestras de material lignocelulósico recolectadas en Yasuní, mientras que las especies aisladas en la Antártida y en Balzapamba corresponden a Bacillus subtillis. Conclusiones: Se identificaron cepas pertenecientes a diferentes géneros bacterianos. Las bacterias del género Klebsiella, en las muestras colectadas en Yasuní, podrían tener un potencial patógeno. Eso se puede corroborar con técnicas de genotipificación. Por lo tanto, puede existir riesgo para los seres humanos que realizan bioprospección en ese ecosistema y se deben tomar medidas de bioseguridad.

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“…The uncontrolled anthropic interference in the environment has led to vast and irreversible biodiversity losses worldwide (CEBALLOS et al, 2017). For example, estimates have shown that only 32% of forests globally are primary, and 35% were turned into agricultural land (KORMOS et al, 2017). Therefore, one of the main anthropic interferences in the biosphere is caused by deforestation (RUDDIMAN, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sustainability of indigenous lands in Amapá state

Campos

Nascimento

Cunha

2022

SustDeb

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We herein assess population growth in indigenous lands (ILs) Wajãpi, Uaçá, Galibi and Juminã in Amapá State-Brazil, which has influenced deforestation increase. We assumed the hypothesis of no association between demographic density and deforestation because population density in these areas is low. We used population growth, deaths, and deforestation data by considering a historical series (2002-2018). Demographic data have shown that Uaçá and Wajãpi ILs recorded the highest population growth. The highest demographic density was observed for Galibi ILs and the lowest one for Wajãpi ILs. The highest deforestation was observed for Uaçá ILs and the lowest one for Juminã ILs. Therefore, indigenous lands in Amapá State have an essential role in forest conservation.

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Primary Forests: Definition, Status and Future Prospects for Global Conservation

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Compared to Wildfire, Management Practices Reduced Old-Growth Forest Diversity and Functionality in Primary Boreal Landscapes of Eastern Canada

Compared to Wildfire, Management Practices Reduced Old-Growth Forest Diversity and Functionality in Primary Boreal Landscapes of Eastern Canada

Métodos de identificación polifásica aplicados a la búsqueda de microorganismos con potencial industrial

The sustainability of indigenous lands in Amapá state

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