Primary Dysmenorrhea Risk based on Characteristics, Dietary Habits, and Types of Exercise

Abstract

The young woman’s frequent complaint related to reproduction health is dysmenorrhea. The incidence of primary dysmenorrhea is affected by various factors. The purpose of the study was to examine the factors affecting primary dysmenorrhea, including characteristics, dietary habits, and types of exercise. The research was quantitative research employing correlational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The samples of the study were 97 female college students of The Faculty of Sports and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. The sampling technique used was the Consecutive Sampling technique. There were two variables related to the primary dysmenorrhea, including breakfast habits (OR: 0,007; p:0,004) and positive family history (OR: 1,14; p:0,001). Meanwhile, BMI (OR: 3,1; p:0,317), fiber consumption habits (OR: 0,129; p:0,076), types of snack (OR: 0,14; p:0,083), types of exercise (OR: 27,4; p:0,074), and the interaction of fiber consumption and breakfast habit (OR: 0,129; p:0,076) were confounding variables. Of all variables, the breakfast habit was the most affecting variable (B:5,35). By considering the negative impacts of dysmenorrhea, they should start taking breakfast every day, especially for those who have family members with primary dysmenorrhea history.

Junk food consumption in relation to menstrual abnormalities among adolescent girls: A comparative cross sectional study

“…A highly significant association was found between the consumption of refined grains, sweet snacks, bakery items, street food, carbonated beverages, frozen meat items and fast food consumption with menstrual abnormalities which is consistent with findings of other studies. 22 , 23 However, Rupa and coworkers did not find significant association between junk consumption with menstrual abnormalities. 24 An interesting finding of present study is that among all categories of junk food items no significant association was found between the consumption of salty snacks and frozen meat items with menstrual disorders.…”

The Effects of Isotonic and Isometric Training on Young Women�s Waist Circumference

“…There is a lack of physical activity, but enacting regulations to keep people active at home has also led to eating mistakes among young women, such as snacking heavily, trying new dishes, and ordering food through apps. This eventuality has led to an increase in young women who are obese, especially in central obesity (6). Central obesity, in particular, is characterized by bloating caused by the accumulation of abdominal fat.…”

“…As new habits and characteristics change with the increase of time at home, during the COVID-19 epidemic, young women, especially female college students, have an increased incidence of overweight and obesity. They are not only conducting online learning activities at home, but they are also munching more, trying new recipes, ordering meals through apps, and doing less exercise (6,7). Robinson, Boyland, and Chisholm et al (2021) stated that the reduction in physical activity has led to young people in the United States and the world engaging in physical activity, and overweight female cases have increased, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia (8).…”

Predictive model for dysmenorrhea level in female Taekwondo athletes: Investigating the influence of BMI and micronutrient intake

“…In Indonesia, 54.89% of women suffer from primary dysmenorrhea, while the remaining population experiences secondary dysmenorrhea (Joshi et al, 2015). Dysmenorrhea is accompanied by common symptoms such as back pain, fatigue, irritability, and anxiety, which undoubtedly hinder the training process and impede performance during competitions (Fitrianingsih & Santanu, 2021). In fact, a study by Reiko et al (2021) revealed that 85.6% of female athletes from various sports experienced dysmenorrhea, with 27.8% reporting mild pain, 19.3% experiencing moderate pain, and a significant 52.9% enduring severe pain.…”