“…Furthermore, in another 3, the primary cutaneous infection occurred at the skin site of contact with wooden boards used to restrain arm movement to secure IV lines (two Aspergillus species and one Exserohilum rostratum). Contaminated IV lines and/or tapes, adjoining arm boards, bandages and/or other medical devices used for restraint, 5,[9][10][11][12][13][14] oxygen saturation monitors 15 (almost invariably used in these children), and contaminated skin care products 16 may lead to direct fungal inoculation, particularly through macerated skin. In the other cases of upper limb involvement, an association with peripheral venous line sites or contact with arm boards, tapes, or dressing could not be ruled out.…”