Primary Cultures, Cell Lines and Cell Strains: Terminology and Characteristics

Fedoroff, S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-250450-1.50018-1

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Since then, culture techniques have been considerably refined, and it is now possible to isolate organs, tissues, and cells from the rest of the organism, place them in a defined medium, maintain them for extended periods of time, and use them to initiate cell cultures that can be maintained indefinitely. There are two categories of tissue culture: primary cultures and cell lines; each can be further divided into several subgroups (Fedoroff, 1977).…”

Section: The Spectrum Of Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, to start a cell line, a population of cells that retain the ability to divide in culture is collected and inoculated into new culture vessels in which growth continues. There are, however, important differences between these two varieties of cell lines, and they will be considered separately (for a detailed discussion, see Fedoroff, 1977).…”

Section: Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bursts of Openings in Transmitter-Activated Ion Channels

Colquhoun¹,

Sakmann²

1983

Single-Channel Recording

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Single-channel recording has become a widely used tool for the study of ion permeation mechanisms in biological membranes. Whereas the technique might have been considered an "art" after its introduction in 1976, it developed into a relatively simple method after it became possible to obtain high-resistance (several gigaohm) membrane-pipette seals. In the summer of 1982, a course on the technique was held at the Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture in Erice, Sicily. It brought together people from most of the laboratories involved in patch clamping at that time. During the course, it became apparent that the technique had reached a state of maturity. Repeatedly, the opinion was expressed that a detailed description of all the aspects of the technique including representative examples of results should be available. We therefore asked the course instructors, as well as several other colleagues, to provide chapters on selected topics in order to produce this volume.The different variants of patch clamping were described quite extensively in an article by Hamill, Marty, Neher, Sakmann, and Sigworth (Pflugers Archiv 391:85) in 1981. Rather than repeating this survey in an introductory chapter, we chose to reprint that article in the Appendix of this volume (by permission of Springer-Verlag). The methods section will, therefore, go straight into detailed aspects of the technology. The second section on Concepts and Analysis is intended to provide an understanding of the statistical methods suitable for the interpretation and analysis of experimental results. The third section gives representative examples of patchclamp results from many of the fields to which the technique has so far been applied. We hope that this volume will prove useful to anyone who wishes to do singlechannel recording or to understand the results of such experiments.We would like to thank the Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture as well as the European Molecular Biology Organization for providing and funding a pleasant nucleus for this volume. We also express our thanks to Ms.

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Section: The Spectrum Of Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bursts of Openings in Transmitter-Activated Ion Channels

Colquhoun¹,

Sakmann²

1983

Single-Channel Recording

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“…Cells harvested directly from the organism and maintained in vitro for periods of more than 24 hours are defined as primary cell cultures (2). These cultures can be obtained from tissue and dissociated prior to seeding into the culture vessel, and therefore are certified as cell cultures because the tissue organisation has been disrupted by the dissociation process.…”

Section: Cell Culture Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxicology: Principles and Considerations of In Vitro Assessment

Aschner

Syversen

2004

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

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Neurotoxicology is an exciting area of science, not only because of the importance of toxic injury to the nervous system in human disease, but also because specific toxicants have served as invaluable tools for the advancement of our knowledge of “normal” neurobiological processes. In fact, much of our understanding of the organisation and function of the nervous system is based on observations derived from the actions of neurotoxicants. This paper addresses various physiological aspects behind the exquisite sensitivity of the nervous system to toxic agents, including the privileged status of the nervous system vis-à-vis blood-brain barrier function, the extensions of the nervous system over space and the requirements of cells with such a complex geometry, and the transmission of information across extracellular space. In addition, in vitro models and their utility in the assessment of neurotoxicological outcome are discussed, with reference to both their advantages and disadvantages.

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“…Several excellent reviews and books describing and evaluating techniques exist (Lumsden, 1968;Sato, 1973;Fedoroff and Hertz, 1977;Fischbach and Nelson 1977;Giacobini, 1980;Nelson and Lieberman, 1981). Usual culture techniques for dissociated cells are either (1) "monolayer" cultures of either mixed cell populations or a purified cell population or (2) "reaggregated" cell cultures (Seeds, 1973;Trapp and Richelson, 1980).…”

Section: Primary Dissociated Cell Cultures From Neural Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%