Primary care treatment for child and adolescent neuropsychiatric conditions in remote rural Punjab, Pakistan – a cross‐sectional survey

Tareen, Amina; Mirza, İlyas; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Chaudhry, H.R.; Jenkins, Rachel

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00859.x

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Our previous study of a child and adolescent sample in rural Punjab has identified that the unmet treatment needs may be greatest for those with intellectual disability, epilepsy and depression. 8 There is therefore the need to build capacity to deal with these conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a child and adolescent mental health service in a low-income country: a global partnership model

et al. 2009

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Aims and MethodTo develop a child and adolescent mental health service in a low-income country. This was a collaborative effort involving governmental and non-governmental organisations in the UK and Pakistan, where a training clinic was established.ResultsWe assessed and treated 169 children and adolescents. A team of mental health professionals was trained, including one consultant psychiatrist; the consultant psychiatrist is now leading the clinic. Links were further developed with healthcare, social care and educational organisations, as well as efforts made to engage the public in relation to child and adolescent mental health.Clinical ImplicationsOur development highlights a model of research collaboration and service development which may be sustainable in low-income settings. Such initiatives need support from a variety of organisations. There is a need to consider whether there should be a formal funding mechanism to support the Royal College of Psychiatrists Senior Volunteer Programme.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a child and adolescent mental health service in a low-income country: a global partnership model

et al. 2009

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“…In the general Caucasian population the prevalence was 1:3,717–1:8,918 [Crawford et al, ]. Pakistan is one of the heavily populated regions of the world [Tareen et al, ]; the rate of childhood intellectual disability is reported to be very high [Mirza et al, ]. Estimates of prevalence vary from 19.1/1,000 for serious ID to 65/1,000 for mild ID [Durkin et al, , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of FMR1 gene mutation and CGG repeat polymorphism in intellectually disabled children in Pakistan

Fatima

Zaidi

Sarfraz

et al. 2014

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Fragile X syndrome is considered the most common heritable form of X-linked intellectual disability (ID). The syndrome is caused by silencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (Xq27.3) due to hypermethylation. This mutation results in absence or deficit of its protein product, the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) that affects synaptic plasticity in neurons, hence leads to brain dysfunction. The syndrome is widely distributed throughout the world. This study reported for the first time the frequency of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene mutations in intellectually disabled children in Pakistan. We recruited 333 intellectually disabled children and 250 normal children with age ranging from 5 to 18 years for this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and full mutations were identified by methylation sensitive PCR using primers corresponding to modified methylated and unmethylated DNA. Southern blot was used for confirmation of the results. The frequency of fragile X syndrome with full mutation was found as 4.8%. It was 6.5% in males as opposed to 0.9% in females; 29 CGG repeats were found as the most common allele; 31.5% in the intellectually disabled and 34% in control subjects. In Pakistan intellectual disability is considered as a social stigma for the individuals and their families. Due to lack of knowledge and cultural background people make such patients and families isolated. This study will increase public awareness about the intellectual disability and importance of prenatal screening and genetic counseling for vulnerable families.

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“…Moreover, carers of people with ID may lack awareness of mental health problems, as the psychiatric symptoms may be interpreted as part of the ID. Alternative sources of help : Families may seek divine help rather than medical treatment that fits their supernatural explanation to their relative's ID. They frequently consult many different practitioners outside the medical system, such as holy persons, homeopaths, herbalists or faith healers (Fatimilehin & Nadirshaw 1994; Tareen et al . 2008; Mirza et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic factors in mental health service utilisation among people with intellectual disability in high‐income countries: systematic review

Durà-Vilà

Hodes

2011

J intellect Disabil Res

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Primary care treatment for child and adolescent neuropsychiatric conditions in remote rural Punjab, Pakistan – a cross‐sectional survey

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Developing a child and adolescent mental health service in a low-income country: a global partnership model

Developing a child and adolescent mental health service in a low-income country: a global partnership model

Frequency of FMR1 gene mutation and CGG repeat polymorphism in intellectually disabled children in Pakistan

Ethnic factors in mental health service utilisation among people with intellectual disability in high‐income countries: systematic review

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