“…Data also suggest that APNs can function effectively as physician substitutes in VA primary care given similarities in the patterns of patient encounter characteristics across provider types (Morgan et al, 2012). In addition, a substantial body of literature shows that important health outcomesincluding disease-specific physiologic measures, reduction of symptomatology, mortality, hospitalization and other utilization measures, and patient satisfaction-are comparable between patients served by APNs and those served by physicians Horrocks, Anderson, & Salisbury, 2002;Laurant et al, 2009;Laurant et al, 2005;Mundinger et al, 2000;Naylor & Kurtzman, 2010;Wilson et al, 2005).…”