Primary angiosarcoma of the bladder: cytomorphology and differential diagnosis

Schindler, Susanne; Frias, Denise V.S. De; Yu, Gordon H.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2303.1999.00119.x

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Cytoplasm is abundant, and may contain intracellular lumina containing erythrocytes. Mitosis and necrosis may be seen [ 24 ]. Histologic assessment and positive immunohistochemical staining for CD31, CD34, ERG, and Factor VIII is confi rmatory (Figs.…”

Section: Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Angiosarcoma of the bladder is more common in men with reports of male:female ratio of 8:1. As with most sarcomas, the lung and the liver are common sites for metastases, with a hematogenous metastatic pattern [ 24 ].…”

Section: Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8.20 and 8.21 ). Positive cytokeratin staining may lead to the false diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinoma [ 24 ].…”

Section: Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Other Malignancies Primary and Metastatic and Miscellaneous Lesions

Hoda

Pambuccian

et al. 2016

The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology

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Non-urothelial bladder tumors are uncommon , accounting for less than 5 % of all bladder tumors, and may rarely be detected in urine cytology [ 1 , 2 ]. Cytological diagnosis of non-urothelial carcinoma (non-UC) and metastasis has rarely been described and frequently poses a diagnostic challenge due to morphological overlap with urothelial carcinoma (UC). Moreover, the cytological distinction between UC with divergent differentiation from pure non-UC may not be possible in cytological samples or in small biopsy specimens, and frequently requires surgical resection. Primary non-UC malignancies pursue an aggressive clinical course and often present at an advanced stage of disease. A multimodal approach using clinical details, imaging results, and pathological diagnosis is vital for a prompt management decision and earlier therapeutic intervention. The overall survival, however, remains poor [ 3 ]. Metastasis to the urinary bladder is a rare event and review of the prior primary tumor is necessary to exclude the possibility of an independent primary non-UC [ 4 ]. This chapter will review the background, etiology, diagnostic criteria cytology [ 5 , 6 ], particularly on histological diagnosis and utility of immunocyto-and histochemistry for non-urothelial tumors and metastasis to the bladder. 88 Epithelial Malignancies Squamous Cell CarcinomaBackground Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) is the second most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, accounting for 2-5 % of all malignancies and 10-20 % of muscle-invasive malignancies of the bladder in the Western world [ 7 ]. However, in countries endemic for Schistosoma hematobium infection (North Africa and the Middle East), it is responsible for about 25-30 % of all bladder malignancies [ 8 ]. Based on etiology and (bilharzial) clinical presentation, SqCC of the urinary tract can be classifi ed as Schistosoma-associated and non-bilharzial. Regardless of their etiology, SqCC of the urinary tract is usually well differentiated (10 %) or moderately differentiated (60 %) and shows abundant keratinization.Non-bilharzial SqCC of the urinary tract usually occurs in adults with a peak incidence in the seventh decade and typically presents with painless hematuria and irritative symptoms. It is usually associated with conditions leading to urinary stasis with resultant epithelial injury such as spinal cord injury or paraplegic patients and chronic infl ammation resulting from smoking, food or bacterial infections, calculi and long-term cyclophosphamide treatment [ 6 , 7 ].

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Section: Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Other Malignancies Primary and Metastatic and Miscellaneous Lesions

Hoda

Pambuccian

et al. 2016

The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology

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show abstract

“…All cases have presented with hematuria. Other reported symptoms include flank or groin pain and dysuria [31][32][33]. The disease has often extended locally outside the confines of the bladder or has metastasized at the time of presentation.…”

Section: Angiosarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular channels range in size from small capillaries to sinusoidal spaces. A solid growth pattern consisting of monomorphic cells with vesicular chromatin and moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in sheets and nests has been described in some cases, and some tumors have exhibited epithelioid features [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Angiosarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%