Primary Angioplasty: Efficacy and Outcomes

Abstract

Internationally ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the single most common cause of death, and its frequency is increasing. The relative incidences of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are decreasing and increasing, respectively. In European countries, the incidence rate for STEMI ranges from 43 to 144 per 100,000 population per year. Similarly, the reported adjusted incidence rates from the USA decreased from 133 per 100,000 in 1999 to 50 per 100,000 in 2008, whereas the incidence of NSTEMI remained constant or increased slightly. STEMI is more common in younger than in older people and is more common in men than in women.Mortality in STEMI is associated with advanced age, Killip class, time delay to treatment, presence of emergency medical system (EMS)-based STEMI networks, treatment strategy, history of MI, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, number of diseased coronary arteries and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Overall mortality from STEMI remains substantial with the in-hospital mortality of unselected patients with STEMI in the national registries of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member countries varying between 4% and 12%. Whilst reported 1-year mortality among STEMI patients in other registries is approximately 10%.Although IHD develops later in women compared with men, MI remains a leading cause of death in women. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurs three to four times more often in men than in women below the age of 60 years, but after the age of 75, women represent the majority of patients. Women may present with atypical symptoms-seen in up to 30% in some registries. It is therefore important to be

Innovative and Economically Beneficial Use of Corn and Corn Products in Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications

“…Graphite is the anode material used in most commercialized lithium-ion batteries, but graphite mining in the United States has long stagnated; i.e., it has not been mined since 1990, when the operation was suspended in Montana . China is currently the top producer of graphite.…”