Primary and secondary stress responses to line capture in the blue mao mao

Abstract

Primary and secondary stress responses were measured in wild Scorpis violaceus subjected to burst swimming from angling. Fish were blood sampled from 20 s to 30 min after hooking. Consequent rises in plasma adrenaline (14-316 nmol l 1 ), noradrenaline (25-345 nmol l 1 ), and cortisol (0·4-197 ng ml 1 ) correlated with time since capture, and plasma lactate (0·1-12·2 mmol l 1 ) reflected work done during intense exercise. Haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit also increased with exercise, and erythrocyte swelling occurred. Wild S. violaceus demonstrated a spontaneity and intensity of exercise not seen in fish acclimatized to aquarium conditions. By contrast, the stress responses of fish in captivity, despite careful husbandry, differed qualitatively and quantitatively from those in the wild. Cannulated fish had higher resting plasma cortisol concentrations (61·9 9·5 ng ml 1 ) than did rapidly caught wild fish (<5 ng ml 1 ) and these values were not significantly changed with burst swimming. Catecholamine secretion, possibly suppressed by cortisol, was insufficient to cause erythrocyte swelling. Erythrocyte nucleotides do not play a role in exercise, but are elevated in captive fish. It is hypothesized that primary endocrine responses are triggered by higher cortical processing of sensory information which is fundamentally different in the natural environment. 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

Fish physiology and ecology: the contribution of the Leigh Laboratory to the collision of paradigms

“…Underwater sampling of an additional seven species from Leigh using scuba, four species sampled underwater from a large public aquarium and six rapidly-angled species, showed that baseline levels of plasma cortisol were typically less than 10 ng ml -1 , and very often below 2 ng ml -1 (Pankhurst 2011). This confirmed the suspicion that the often much higher basal levels reported from studies on captive stock Lowe & Wells 1996) were most likely artefacts of husbandry or experimental conditions. Notable exceptions (e.g.…”

“…1). An interesting outcome of this work was that, while snapper in captivity showed a rapid increase in plasma cortisol levels following capture, confinement and blood-sampling similar to that displayed by other species, Lowe & Wells 1996), the same treatment in the field using a small, weighted keep-net took as long as 30 min to elicit an increase in plasma cortisol (i.e. the stress response was highly context-specific).…”

“…These findings were at the forefront of stress physiology research in the 1980s and continued with the integration of endocrinology in the early 1990s (e.g. Ling & Wells 1985b;Bollard et al 1993;Lowe & Wells 1996). This research confirmed that, as in the laboratory, the primary stress response of fish to angling/handling involved sequential increases of catecholamines and then corticosteroids (Lowe et al 1993;Lowe & Wells 1996), serving to modulate the metabolite status, the blood oxygen carrying capacity, blood viscosity and even cell maintenance function of fish to satisfy and protect against the sudden increase in energy demand (Ling & Wells 1985b;Lowe et al 1993;Ryan et al 1995;Lowe & Wells 1996).…”

“…Ling & Wells 1985b;Bollard et al 1993;Lowe & Wells 1996). This research confirmed that, as in the laboratory, the primary stress response of fish to angling/handling involved sequential increases of catecholamines and then corticosteroids (Lowe et al 1993;Lowe & Wells 1996), serving to modulate the metabolite status, the blood oxygen carrying capacity, blood viscosity and even cell maintenance function of fish to satisfy and protect against the sudden increase in energy demand (Ling & Wells 1985b;Lowe et al 1993;Ryan et al 1995;Lowe & Wells 1996). Of particular interest are the manipulative experiments of Bollard et al (1993) that artificially raised plasma cortisol levels in snapper and showed, for the first time, that cortisol in fish retains lactate in circulation which, through follow-up research, is now believed to be a mechanism providing metabolic fuel postexercise (Eros & Milligan 1996).…”

Réponses Physiologiques De Sept Espèces De Poissons Lacustres À Un Stress De Capture (Filet Maillant Et Épuisette).

“…Ainsi, les effets inhérents à une capture par pêche à la ligne ou à la cuiller (e.g., FERGUSON et TUFTS, 1992 ;YOUNGSON et WEBB, 1993 ;PANKHURST et DEDUAL, 1994 ;YOUNG et al, 1994 ;KIEFFER et al, 1995 ;BROBBEL et al, 1996 ;DEDUAL, 1996 ;LOWE et WELLS, 1996 ;WILKIE et al, 1996 ;POTTINGER, 1998), par plongeur sous-marin (e.g., BOLLARD et al, 1993), nasse (e.g., HOPKINS et CECH, 1992), senne (e.g., LEATHERLAND et al, 1989), chalut (e.g., TU RUN EN et ai., 1994OLLA et al, 1997), tramail (e.g., EGGINTON, 1994CHOPIN et al, 1996) ou pêche électrique (e.g., MESA et SCHRECK, 1989 ;MAULE et MESA, 1994 ;MITTON et MCDONALD, 1994 ;SNYDER, 1995 ;BARTON et GROSH, 1996 ;BARTON et DWYER, 1997 ;MUTH et RUPPERT, 1997) ont-ils été appréciés et quantifiés chez de nombreuses espèces pisciaires par des mesures d'indicateurs classiques de l'état de stress (i.e., catecholamines, Cortisol, glucose, lactate ;WEDEMEYER et al, 1990). L'utilisation de filets maillants, engins de pêche passifs, a été préconisée par l' EIFAC (1975) et citée par BARBIER (1985) pour certaines investigations dans les lacs, réservoirs et milieux potamiques.…”